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Health in widowhood: The roles of social capital and economic resources

机译：寡妇的健康：社会资本和经济资源的作用

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A sizeable literature has demonstrated strong negative associations between widowhood and health, but longitudinal evidence on moderating factors has been mixed. This study assesses the roles of pre-existing social capital and wealth in moderating changes in health in the event of spousal death. Samples of widowed individuals (n = 796) and matched married controls (n = 8233) are employed from 17 consecutive waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (2001-2017). Individual-level fixed-effects models are used to estimate changes in physical and mental health before and after spousal death, in reference to one's own health more than two years before widowhood. Results show a temporary physical health improvement in the year of spousal death, and a decline in mental health beginning up to two years before spousal death, lasting up to two years after spousal death. Using social capital-from children, club membership or volunteering status, and social connections-observed earlier than two years before spousal death, this study finds that widowed individuals with higher social capital show poorer mental health than those with less capital. This negative moderating role is more marked among widowed males than females. In contrast, greater wealth, particularly from non-financial assets, is associated with earlier psychological adjustment among males. For females, mental health in widowhood shows little difference by wealth. These findings suggest that social capital may not be sufficient to protect deteriorations in mental health among widowed individuals, and that the pursuit of alternative avenues may be especially important among the less wealthy.
机译：一个相当大的文学在寡妇和健康之间表现出强烈的负面关联，但纵向迹象是对培养因子的纵向证据已被混合。本研究评估了预先存在的社会资本和财富在伴有配偶死亡时对健康变化的作用。丧偶个人的样本（N = 796）和匹配的已婚控件（N = 8233）是从澳大利亚调查（2001-2017）的17个家庭，收入和劳动力动态的波浪中的17个波浪。个人级别的固定效果模型用于估算配偶死亡前后的身心健康的变化，参考寡妇前两年多的健康。结果表明，配偶死亡年度暂时的身体健康改善，在配偶死亡前开始两年后心理健康的下降，持续两年后的配偶死亡。本研究发现，利用社会资本从儿童，俱乐部会员或志愿服务状态，以及早些年前观察到的社会联系 - 观察到两年后，这一研究发现，丧偶的社会资本具有比资本更少的心理健康状况较差。这种负面调节作用比女性在丧偶男性中更为标记。相比之下，更大的财富，特别是来自非金融资产，与男性早期的心理调整相关。对于女性而言，寡妇的心理健康表现出很少的财富差异。这些调查结果表明，社会资本可能不足以保护丧族个人的心理健康状况的恶化，并且追求替代途径可能在较少的富人中尤为重要。

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