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Clonidine in paediatric anaesthesia

机译：可乐定在小儿麻醉中的应用

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Purpose of review: This review aims to summarize results of recently published studies concerning clonidine application in paediatric anaesthesia, to analyse trends in these studies, and to discuss perspectives of the perioperative use of clonidine for children. Recent findings: Reassessment of clonidine premedication has revealed that oral clonidine is inferior to midazolam for preoperative sedation. Oral or intravenous clonidine has been successfully used for the prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation during emergence from anaesthesia. Peripheral injection or caudal (epidural) administration of clonidine prolonged the duration and enhanced the quality of postoperative analgesia by local anaesthetics without severe side effects. However, some negative results concerning potentiation of postoperative analgesia with clonidine have been reported. Summary: Clonidine may be less favored than midazolam as premedication for children because of inferior clonidine-induced sedation. Additional comparative studies are required, however, to confirm this finding. On the other hand, clonidine-induced analgesia may weir be useful and find wide application in paediatric anaesthesia. Prospective multicentre trials using a larger number of patients will be needed to verify the usefurness of caudal clonidine for postoperative pain relief. Prophylactic use of clonidine against sevoflurane-induced agitation may represent a new and promising application. Assessment of the efficacy of clonidine in potentiating regional anaesthesia/analgesia by local anaesthetics in children also needs more investigation. Moreover, it may be worthwhile to try new successful applications demonstrated in adults for paediatric anaesthesia. < copyright > 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
机译：综述的目的：本综述旨在总结最近发表的有关可乐定在儿科麻醉中应用的研究结果，分析这些研究的趋势，并讨论可乐定在儿童围手术期使用的观点。最新发现：可乐定处方的重新评估显示，口服可乐定在术前镇静方面不如咪达唑仑。口服或静脉注射可乐定已成功用于预防麻醉期间七氟醚引起的躁动。可乐定的外周注射或尾部（硬膜外）给药延长了持续时间，并通过局部麻醉提高了术后镇痛的质量，而没有严重的副作用。然而，已经报道了一些关于用可乐定增强术后镇痛的负面结果。简介：由于可乐定诱导的镇静作用较差，可乐定在儿童中的药效可能不如咪达唑仑。但是，需要进行其他比较研究以确认这一发现。另一方面，可乐定诱导的镇痛可能是有用的，并且在儿科麻醉中得到广泛应用。需要进行大量患者的前瞻性多中心试验，以验证使用可乐定可减轻术后疼痛。可乐定对七氟醚诱导的搅拌的预防性使用可能代表了一种新的有希望的应用。通过儿童局部麻醉药评估可乐定在增强局部麻醉/镇痛方面的功效也需要更多的研究。此外，可能有必要尝试在成人中证明的用于儿科麻醉的新成功应用。 <版权> 2002 Lippincott Williams＆Wilkins。

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