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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology >The link between allergic rhinitis and otitis media.
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The link between allergic rhinitis and otitis media.

机译：过敏性鼻炎和中耳炎之间的联系。

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Past studies implicated allergy in the pathogenesis of otitis media. However, definitive proof of the assertion is lacking. Epidemiologic studies, including one recently published by Rylander and Megevand, consistently identify allergy as a risk factor for otitis media. Also, higher than expected frequencies of allergy are reported for patients with otitis media, but it is unclear if this is an epiphenomenon associated with referral bias. This possibility is exemplified by the results of two reviewed papers where Velepic and colleagues reported a 25% prevalence of allergy in otitis media patients while Alles and colleagues reported a prevalence of 89%. Other studies documented biochemical components of allergic inflammation in the effusions recovered from children with otitis media, and Hurst and colleagues published a recent paper continuing on that theme. However, it is not known if a local allergic reaction is required for the production of these components and if they are produced exclusive of other inflammatory products. Three published studies explored mechanisms by which allergy could cause otitis media. Tikkanen and colleagues reexamined at age 10 a group of 56 subjects with previously diagnosed milk allergy and showed that despite decreased reactivity to milk protein a high prevalence of otitis media was retained. This suggests that it is the allergic condition, not the specific allergy to milk that increases otitis media risk. Downs and colleagues exposed the middle ears of rats to histamine and provoked changes in the pressure regulating and clearance functions of the Eustachian tube. Those changes could prolong an otitis media episode, but middle ear histamine is not limited to the allergic condition. Gentile and colleagues challenged the nose of allergic and nonallergic subjects with histamine followed by interleukin-6 or placebo and measured nasal, pulmonary, Eustachian tube and middle ear functions. Interleukin-6 did not change the Eustachian tube or middle ear functions but did cause increased secretions in allergic patients.
机译：过去的研究表明过敏症与中耳炎的发病机理有关。但是，缺少断言的确切证据。流行病学研究（包括Rylander和Megevand最近发表的一项研究）始终确定过敏是中耳炎的危险因素。同样，据报道中耳炎患者的过敏频率高于预期，但尚不清楚这是否是与转诊偏见相关的现象。这种可能性可以通过两篇评论论文的结果得到证明，其中Velepic和同事报告说中耳炎患者的过敏发生率为25％，而Alles和同事报告的发生率为89％。其他研究记录了从患有中耳炎的儿童中回收的积液中过敏性炎症的生化成分，Hurst及其同事发表了有关该主题的最新论文。但是，尚不知道这些成分的产生是否需要局部过敏反应，以及是否产生了其他炎症产物。三项发表的研究探讨了过敏可能引起中耳炎的机制。 Tikkanen及其同事在10岁时对56名先前被诊断出牛奶过敏的受试者进行了重新检查，结果显示，尽管对牛奶蛋白的反应性降低，但是中耳炎的患病率仍然很高。这表明增加牛奶中耳炎的风险是变态反应，而不是对牛奶的特定变态反应。 Downs及其同事将大鼠的中耳暴露于组胺下，引起了咽鼓管压力调节和清除功能的改变。这些变化可能会延长中耳炎发作的时间，但中耳组胺不仅限于过敏性疾病。外邦人及其同事用组胺，接着是白细胞介素6或安慰剂，挑战了过敏性和非过敏性受试者的鼻子，并测量了鼻，肺，咽鼓管和中耳的功能。白介素6不会改变咽鼓管或中耳功能，但会导致过敏患者的分泌增加。

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