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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >A near-infrared light photosynthetic pigment
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A near-infrared light photosynthetic pigment

机译：近红外光合色素

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Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Its name is derived from the Greek words chloros meaning green and phyllon meaning leaf. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, followed by the red portion. However, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum, hence the green colour of chlorophyll-containing tissues. Chlorophyll was first isolated by Joseph Bienaime Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier in 1817. It is vital for photosynthesis, for which it harvests solar energy and transduces it into chemical energy. In this process, the energy absorbed by chlorophyll transforms carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen: There are four chemically distinct varieties of chlorophylls known for the last 60 years in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. They are termed as Chi a, b, c and d in the order of their discovery1. The two currently accepted photo-system units are Photosystem II and Photosystem I, which have their distinct reaction centre chlorophylls, named P680 and P700 respectively. These pigments are named after the wavelength (in nanometers) of their red-peak absorption maximum. The identity, function and spectral properties of the types of chlorophyll in each photosystem are distinct and determined by each other and the protein structure surrounding them. Chlorophyll has essentially two parts: a substituted porphyrin ring and phytol (the long carbon chain).
机译：叶绿素是一种绿色颜料，几乎存在于所有植物，藻类和蓝细菌中。它的名称源自希腊语chloros（绿色）和phyllon（叶子）。叶绿素在电磁波谱的蓝色部分最强地吸收光，其次是红色部分。但是，它是光谱的绿色和近绿色部分的不良吸收剂，因此是含叶绿素组织的绿色。叶绿素于1817年由Joseph Bienaime Caventou和Pierre Joseph Pelletier首次分离。它对光合作用至关重要，因为光合作用可以收集太阳能并将其转化为化学能。在此过程中，叶绿素吸收的能量将二氧化碳和水转化为碳水化合物和氧气：过去60年来，在光合生物中已知有四种化学上不同的叶绿素变种。按照发现顺序将它们称为Chi a，b，c和d。当前接受的两个光系统单元分别是光系统II和光系统I，它们具有不同的反应中心叶绿素，分别命名为P680和P700。这些颜料以其红峰吸收最大值的波长（纳米）命名。每个光系统中叶绿素类型的同一性，功能和光谱特性是截然不同的，并由彼此以及围绕它们的蛋白质结构决定。叶绿素基本上有两个部分：取代的卟啉环和植物醇（长碳链）。

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