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Biochemical defence mechanisms of plants to increased levels of ozone and other atmospheric pollutants

机译:植物对臭氧和其他大气污染物含量增加的生化防御机制

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摘要

Some of the atmospheric gases at their supra optimum level become pollutants and evoke various types of 'visible 'and 'hidden' plant responses which ultimately lead to reduced plant growth and productivity. The biochemical mechanism of the action of the pollutants is better understood now than it has about a decade ago. Participation of some of the signal molecules such as of H_2O_2 and salicylic acid is also known. It is believed that the generation of oxy-free radicals is the principal biochemical event in responses of plants to any kind of environmental stress. Plants respond through increased activities and levels of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites, so that the oxy-free radicals are removed and minimum damage is done. Attempts have been made to modify the plant's responses to pollutant gases, through alteration in the levels of enzymes and metabolites involved in free radical scavenging. While earlier attempts were largely limited to agronomic practices or in some cases to breeding programmers, attempts are now being made to produce transgenics and mutants with increased tolerance to the pollutants.
机译:一些处于最佳状态的大气气体成为污染物,并引起各种类型的“可见”和“隐藏”植物反应,最终导致植物生长和生产力下降。与十年前相比,现在人们对污染物作用的生化机制有了更好的了解。还已知某些信号分子例如H_2O_2和水杨酸的参与。据信,氧自由基的产生是植物对任何类型的环境胁迫的响应中的主要生化事件。植物通过增加抗氧化酶和代谢物的活性和水平来做出反应,从而消除了氧自由基,将危害降至最低。已经尝试通过改变参与自由基清除的酶和代谢物的水平来改变植物对污染物气体的反应。尽管较早的尝试主要限于农艺实践,或者在某些情况下仅限于育种程序设计人员,但现在正在尝试生产对污染物具有更高耐受性的转基因和突变体。

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