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Fundamental study of DC and RF breakdown of atmospheric air

机译：大气空气中DC和RF击穿的根本研究

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Radio frequency (RF) breakdown in air at a frequency of particular relevance to ionospheric heating-3.3 MHz, close to the low end of the applicable frequency range-is studied at centimeter-sized gap distances and compared to the literature for small gaps. To establish a reference point, Paschen's early DC breakdown study utilizing two brass spheres of 1 cm radius was replicated following the original procedure and subsequently extended to examine RF breakdown. Various electrode combinations were tested with brass cathodes creating the highest variance in the datasets among DC tests. The greatest variation in RF breakdown arose when either electrode was brass. Gap distances of 1-10 mm were tested for both DC and RF with the slow-rise time (5 mV/mu s) RF breakdown occurring at approximately 80% of the DC breakdown value, a value corroborated by Monte Carlo breakdown simulations. Pushing the envelope rise time of the applied RF voltage into the microsecond regime yielded an RF voltage of roughly 20% above the DC breakdown value accompanied by a distinct increase in breakdown amplitude fluctuations. Illuminating the gap electrodes with deep ultraviolet (280 nm and below) minimized the breakdown amplitude fluctuations due to photoemission at the electrodes as expected. Finally, to address the conditions found in real-world geometries with sharp corners or protrusions, RF corona behavior utilizing tungsten needles above a ground plane is measured. The obtained results help us define the operation limits of high-power antennas at 1-10 MHz frequencies.
机译：在与电离层加热-3.3MHz的频率特定相关的空气中的射频（RF）击穿，靠近适用频率范围的低端 - 在厘米大小的间隙距离上进行研究，并与小间隙的文献相比。为了建立参考点，Paschen利用两个黄铜球的早期直流击穿研究在原始程序之后被复制，然后延伸以检查RF击穿。用黄铜阴极测试各种电极组合，在DC测试中产生了数据集的最高差异。当任一电极是黄铜时，RF击穿的最大变化会出现。对于DC击穿值的大约80％发生的缓慢上升时间（5mV / mu S）RF击穿，测试了1-10mm的间隙距离，以大约80％发生在直流击穿值的情况下，由Monte Carlo Breakdown模拟有所证实的值。将施加的RF电压的包络上升时间推入微秒内部产生的RF电压大约20％高于DC击穿值，伴随着击穿幅度波动的不同增加。用深紫外线（280nm和以下的间隙电极照射间隙电极（280nm和以下）最小化由于电极在电极上的光曝光而导致的击穿幅度波动。最后，为了解决具有尖角或突起的现实世界几何形状中发现的条件，测量利用接地平面上方的钨针的RF电晕行为。所获得的结果有助于我们在1-10 MHz频率下定义高功率天线的操作限制。

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