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The coming of age of plant embryology

机译：植物胚胎学时代的到来

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The historical development of angiosperm embryology is marked by emphasis on descriptive accounts of the development of the male and female reproductive parts and of the embryo and endosperm, Modern research has shifted the focus to molecular embryology and has brought a high degree of sophistication to this topic on a level comparable to that of animal development, Three aspects of current research on the genetic and molecular control of embryo development in angiosperms, with special reference to Arabidopsis thaliana, are considered in this review. First, evidence for the function of nonzygotic genes in early embryo development shows that the first few divisions of the zygote are controlled by maternal genes, probably by genomic imprinting. Second, protein products of certain genes appear to specify the shoot and root apical meristems and regions of the apicobasal axis of the embryo and the cell layers that constitute the embryo radial pattern. Third, analysis of embryo-defective mutants has the potential for identifing genes that are essential for the development of the zygote into a mature embryo.
机译：被子植物胚胎学的历史发展特点是着重于对男性和女性生殖器官以及胚胎和胚乳发育的描述性描述。现代研究已将重点转移到了分子胚胎学上，并为该主题带来了高度的复杂性在与动物发育相当的水平上，本综述考虑了被子植物胚发育的遗传和分子控制的当前研究的三个方面，特别是拟南芥。首先，非合子基因在早期胚胎发育中的功能证据表明，合子的前几个部分受母体基因控制，可能是受基因组印迹的控制。其次，某些基因的蛋白质产物似乎可以指定芽和根尖状分生组织以及胚胎的顶突轴区域和构成胚胎放射状的细胞层。第三，对胚胎缺陷突变体的分析具有鉴定潜在的基因的潜力，这些基因对于将合子发育成成熟胚胎至关重要。

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