Haze layer over the Indian Ocean - natural or anthropogenic?

Kamra AK

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Haze layer over the Indian Ocean - natural or anthropogenic?

机译：印度洋上的薄雾层-是自然的还是人为的？

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Following the release of United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) report, several reports have appeared in both print and electronic media raising concerns about the regional and/or global impacts of the haze layer (the so-called Asian Brown Cloud in UNEP report) that develops over South Asia during the January-April period. The UNEP press release raises some alarm on the impacts of haze layer on the health, agriculture and climate on both the regional and global scales. Srinivasan and Gadgil have addressed several issues raised in the report and conclude that while 'the news release has created awareness about the pollution' that 'should give an impetus to the ongoing program of reduction of harmful emissions in our cities', there is no scientific basis for 'the immediate and catastrophic consequences of the haze on the monsoon and agriculture' as implied in the UNEP news release.

机译：联合国环境规划署（UNEP）报告发布后，印刷媒体和电子媒体都出现了几份报告，这引起了人们对雾霾层的区域和/或全球影响的担忧（环境署报告中的所谓亚洲棕云）。一月至四月期间在南亚发展。环境署的新闻稿对雾霾层对区域和全球范围的健康，农业和气候的影响提出了一些警告。斯里尼瓦桑（Srinivasan）和加吉尔（Gadgil）已经解决了报告中提出的几个问题，并得出结论，尽管“新闻稿已引起人们对污染的认识”，但“应该推动正在进行的减少城市有害排放量的计划”，但没有科学依据环境署新闻稿中暗示的“阴霾对季风和农业造成的直接和灾难性后果”的依据。

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《Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research》 |2002年第11期|共2页
作者
Kamra AK;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类自然科学现状及发展;
关键词
Aerosol-particles; Size-distribution; Indoex;

机译：气溶胶颗粒;尺寸分布;Indoex;

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1. Haze layer over the Indian Ocean - natural or anthropogenic? [J] . Kamra AK Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research . 2002,第11期

机译：印度洋上的薄雾层-是自然的还是人为的？
2. A model for the natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean derived from Indian Ocean Experiment data [J] . S. K. Satheesh, V. Ramanathan, Xu Li-Jones, Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences . 2000,第D22期

机译：来自印度洋实验数据的热带印度洋上空天然和人为气溶胶模型
3. Halogenated natural products and anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants in chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) from three sites along the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts of South Africa [J] . Wu Qiong, Bouwman Hindrik, Uren Ryan C., Environmental Pollution . 2019,第PTa2期

机译：来自南非大西洋和印度洋海岸的三个地点，南大西洋和印度洋海岸的三个地点，卤化天然产物和人为持久性有机污染物
4. Natural and anthropogenic hazards in the African coastal and ocean environment: need for holistic and pragmatic early warning system and management approach [C] . Awosika L., Folorunsho R. Oceans Conference . 2006

机译：非洲沿海和海洋环境中的自然和人为危害：需要整体和务实的预警系统和管理方法
5. The Sensitivity of the Tropical Atmosphere to Changes in Mixed-Layer Depth and Ocean Heat Flux Convergence over the Indian Ocean [D] . Cicerone, Teresa. 2020

机译：热带气氛对印度洋的混合层深度和海洋热通量收敛变化的敏感性
6. Cross-Sectional Variations in Structure and Function of Coral Reef Microbiome With Local Anthropogenic Impacts on the Kenyan Coast of the Indian Ocean [O] . Sammy Wambua, Hadrien Gourlé, Etienne P. de Villiers, 2021

机译：珊瑚礁微生物组结构与功能的横截面变化与印度洋肯尼亚海岸的局部人为影响
7. The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (ce) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 ce that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 ce, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 ce is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content. [O] . McGregor, Helen V., Evans, Michael N., Goosse, Hugues, 2015

机译：海洋调节了全球气候对自然和人为强迫的响应。然而，在过去的2,000年中（这是了解当前和未来气候对这些强迫的响应的关键间隔），全球海表温度变化及其潜在的驱动机制受到的约束很有限。在这里，我们提出了一个共同的时期（ce）的全球海面温度的全球综合，该综合来自57个符合严格质量控制标准的海洋重建项目。我们观察到从1到1800 ce的冷却趋势，对于显式测试重建中潜在的偏倚而言，该趋势很稳健。在801至1800 ce之间，表面降温趋势在质量上与地面温度重建的独立合成以及从使用过去外部辐射强迫的最佳估计的气候模型模拟集合推导出的海面温度合成在质量上是一致的。使用单一和累积强迫的气候模拟表明，从801到1800 ce的海洋表面冷却趋势主要不是对轨道强迫的反应，而是爆炸性火山爆发的频繁发生。我们的结果表明，火山喷发的反复簇可引起净的负辐射强迫，这会导致混合层海洋热量降低而导致百年和全球规模的降温趋势。

Haze layer over the Indian Ocean - natural or anthropogenic?

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