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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Invest in soil health for food security
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Invest in soil health for food security

机译：投资土壤健康以确保粮食安全

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The trinity of healthy seeds, healthy soil and sufficient water is indispensable for successful agriculture and prosperity in India. But since attention and investment on these three resources is abysmal, food grain crisis in India is imminent, sooner or later. Using biotechnological breakthroughs, we may succeed in developing genetically modified hybrids having high yield potential in rice or any other crop, but can they produce that yield on impoverished soil with scarcity of water? Today, Indian soils are more hungry and thirsty! Continuous mining of soil nutrients by high yielding crops and imbalanced fertilization since green revolution have created a widespread negative balance (≈ 10 million tonnes/year NPK) of major and essential micronutrients, and this gap is continuing year after year. The invisible soil biota, which is the ‘root’ of healthy soil for efficient nutrient cycling, is losing its genetic and functional diversity due to imbalanced fertilization1, injudicious use of pesticides, unabated soil pollution and negligible or no replenishment of organic residues2. Soil carbon has reached less than a critical level of 0.5% in most of the areas, rendering the soil more fragile, poor in buffering and resilience against biotic or abiotic stresses2. The World Bank has warned that India is on the brink of a severe water crisis3. According to satellite-based estimates, the groundwater depletion in many parts of northwestern India, which contribute to the ‘bread basket’ of the country, is getting depleted at an alarming rate of 4.0 ± 1.0 cm yr–1, equivalent height of water 17.7 ± 4.5 km3 yr–1 (ref. 4). Thus, to feed the teeming billions, sustaining increased agricultural production through improved soil health and efficient use of water and fertilizers is most critical to the issue of food and nutritional security in India.
机译：健康的种子，健康的土壤和充足的水的三位一体是印度成功农业和繁荣不可或缺的条件。但是，由于对这三种资源的关注和投资令人厌恶，迟早印度即将爆发粮食危机。利用生物技术上的突破，我们可能会成功地在水稻或任何其他农作物中开发出具有高产量潜力的转基因杂交种，但它们能否在缺水的贫困土壤上获得高产呢？如今，印度的土壤更加饥渴！自绿色革命以来，高产作物和不平衡施肥对土壤养分的持续开采造成了主要和必需微量养分的广泛负平衡（≈1000万吨/年NPK），而且这一差距逐年持续。无形的土壤生物区系，是有效进行养分循环的健康土壤的“根”，由于施肥不平衡1，农药使用不当，土壤污染未减轻以及有机残留物可忽略不计或没有补充2而丧失了遗传和功能多样性。在大多数地区，土壤碳含量均未达到0.5％的临界水平，这使土壤更加脆弱，缓冲性和抵抗生物或非生物胁迫的能力差2。世界银行警告说，印度正处于严重水危机的边缘3。根据卫星估算，印度西北部许多地区的地下水枯竭正在以“ 4.0±1.0 cm yr-1”的惊人速度枯竭，相当于水的高度17.7，这是该国“面包篮”的原因。 ±4.5 km3 yr-1（参考4）。因此，要养活数十亿人口，通过改善土壤健康状况以及有效利用水和肥料来维持农业生产对印度的粮食和营养安全问题至关重要。

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