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The complex life of rhomboid pseudoproteases

机译：rhomboid假蛋白酶的复杂生活

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摘要

Rhomboid pseudoproteases are catalytically inactive members of the rhomboid superfamily. The founding members, rhomboids, were first identified inDrosophilaas serine intramembrane proteases that cleave transmembrane proteins, enabling signaling. This led to the discovery of the wider rhomboid superfamily, a clan that in metazoans is dominated by pseudoproteases. These so-called rhomboid pseudoproteases inherited from their catalytically active ancestors a conserved rhomboid-like domain and a propensity to regulate signaling. Lacking catalytic activity, they developed new 'pseudoenzyme' functions that include regulating the trafficking, turnover, and activity of their client proteins. Rhomboid pseudoproteases have preeminent roles in orchestrating immune cell activation, antiviral responses, and cytokine release in response to microbial infection, or in chronic diseases, and have also been implicated in growth factor signaling, cancer, and, more recently, metabolism. Here, we discuss the mechanism(s) of action of rhomboid pseudoproteases, contrasted with rhomboid proteases. We also highlight the roles of rhomboid pseudoproteases in mammalian physiology, which, quite paradoxically among pseudoenzymes, is understood much better than active rhomboids.
机译：rhomboid假蛋白酶是鼻腔外科的催化活性型成员。 rhomboids的创始成员首次鉴定茚满嗜睡蛋白蛋白质蛋白酶，其切割跨膜蛋白，使信号传导。这导致了更广泛的菱形超家族的发现，在美唑烷中的一种氏族是由伪蛋白酶的主导。这些所谓的菱形假蛋白酶从其催化活性的祖先遗传到保守的菱形样结构域和调节信号传导的倾向。缺乏催化活动，他们开发了新的“伪酶”功能，包括规范其客户蛋白的贩运，营业额和活动。 rhomboid假蛋白酶在协调免疫细胞活化，抗病毒反应和细胞因子源于微生物感染或慢性疾病的封面中具有卓越的作用，并且也涉及生长因子信号传导，癌症，以及最近，最近，新陈代谢。在这里，我们讨论了菱形假蛋白酶的作用机制，与菱形蛋白酶形成鲜明对比。我们还突出了乳霉菌伪蛋白酶在哺乳动物生理中的作用，这在伪酶中的相当矛盾的是，比活性菱形更好地理解。

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