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Bone health in endurance athletes: runners, cyclists, and swimmers.

机译：耐力运动员的骨骼健康：跑步者，骑自行车者和游泳者。

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摘要

Weight-bearing exercise has been recognized widely to be beneficial for long-term bone health. However inherent differences in bone-loading characteristics and energy expenditure during participation in endurance sports place many endurance athletes at a relative disadvantage with regard to bone health compared with other athletes. Adolescents and adults who participate in endurance sports, such as running, and non-weight-bearing sports, such as biking and swimming, often have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than athletes participating in ball and power sports, and sometimes their BMD is lower than their inactive peers. Low BMD increases the risk of stress and fragility fractures, both while an athlete is actively competing and later in life. This article reviews the variable effects of distance running, cycling, swimming, and triathlons on bone health; the evaluation of stress and fragility fractures; and the diagnosis, management, and prevention of low BMD in endurance athletes.
机译：负重运动已被广泛认为对长期骨骼健康有益。但是，参加耐力运动期间骨骼负荷特性和能量消耗的内在差异使许多耐力运动员在骨骼健康方面与其他运动员相比处于相对劣势。参加耐力运动（例如跑步）和不负重运动（例如骑自行车和游泳）的青少年和成年人的骨矿物质密度（BMD）通常低于参加球类和力量运动的运动员，有时他们的BMD为低于不活跃的同龄人。低BMD会增加运动员积极竞争以及晚年生活中承受压力和脆性骨折的风险。本文回顾了长跑，骑自行车，游泳和铁人三项对骨骼健康的各种影响;应力和脆性断裂的评估;以及耐力运动员低BMD的诊断，管理和预防。

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