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Vortex matter and its phase transitions

机译:涡物质及其相变

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The mixed state of type II superconductors has magnetic flux penetrating the sample in the form of vortices, with each vortex carrying an identical quantum of flux. These vortices generally form a triangular lattice under weak mutually repulsive forces; the lattice spacing can be easily varied over many orders of magnitude by varying the external magnetic field. The elastic moduli of this lattice are small and this soft vortex matter can undergo phase transitions like normal matter, but with thermal fluctuations and underlying defects playing an important role. We discuss experimental studies on vortex matter phase transitions, with some emphasis on DC magnetization measurements investigating the nature of the phase transition.
机译:II型超导体的混合态具有磁通量以涡流形式穿透样品,每个涡流都带有相同的磁通量量子。这些涡流通常在相互排斥力较小的情况下形成一个三角形格子;通过改变外部磁场,可以很容易地在许多数量级上改变晶格间距。该晶格的弹性模量很小,该软涡旋物质可以像正常物质一样经历相变,但是热波动和潜在的缺陷起着重要的作用。我们讨论了关于涡旋物质相变的实验研究,其中一些重点是研究相变性质的直流磁化测量。

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