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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in gastroenterology >Hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma.

机译：肝细胞癌。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to continue to increase over the next two decades. The risk factors for the development of HCC are unknown and there is a lack of standardization of the diagnostic criteria for HCC. Our aim is to review the latest information regarding the risk factors, surveillance and diagnosis of this tumor. RECENT FINDINGS: Alcohol, tobacco, obesity, diabetes and viral etiology interact together to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis, which may allow us to identify a high-risk group for HCC among patients with cirrhosis. Several studies showed that surveillance of cirrhotic patients is cost-effective and leads to an overall improvement in survival. This year a study from the United Network of Organ Sharing in the United States indicated that 30% of patients were understaged by imaging pre-transplant and 31% of patients with a diagnosis of stage 1 HCC (single lesion < 2 cm in diameter) did not have a tumor on the explant examination. Another study showed that washout of arterially enhancing lesions is very sensitive and specific for a diagnosis of HCC. SUMMARY: Not all patients with cirrhosis have an equal risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, further studies should stratify the risk of HCC so surveillance is tailored to those at the highest risk. Standardization of the diagnostic criteria of HCC is critically important for better patient care and future research. Washout of arterially enhancing lesions should be important criteria of HCC.
机译：审查目的：肝细胞癌（HCC）的发病率预计在未来二十年内将继续增加。肝癌发生的危险因素未知，并且肝癌诊断标准缺乏标准化。我们的目的是回顾有关该肿瘤的危险因素，监视和诊断的最新信息。最近的发现：酒精，烟草，肥胖，糖尿病和病毒病因共同作用，增加了肝硬化患者发生肝细胞癌的风险，这也许可以使我们在肝硬化患者中鉴定出肝癌高危人群。几项研究表明，对肝硬化患者的监测具有成本效益，并能全面提高生存率。今年，美国器官共享网络联合会的一项研究表明，有30％的患者因移植前的影像学检查而处于低位，而31％的诊断为1期HCC（直径<2 cm的单个病灶）的患者外植体检查没有肿瘤。另一项研究表明，动脉增强病变的清除对HCC的诊断非常敏感且具有特异性。摘要：并非所有的肝硬化患者都有同等的发展为肝细胞癌的风险。因此，进一步的研究应将HCC的风险分层，以便针对风险最高的人群进行监测。 HCC诊断标准的标准化对于更好的患者护理和未来研究至关重要。清除动脉增强性病变应该是肝癌的重要标准。

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