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Gastric secretion.

机译：胃分泌物。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the regulation of gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion at the central, peripheral, and cellular levels. RECENT FINDINGS: Gastric acid secretion is an intricate and dynamic process that is regulated by neural (efferent and afferent), hormonal (e.g., gastrin), and paracrine (e.g., histamine, ghrelin, somatostatin) pathways as well as mechanical (e.g., distension) and chemical (e.g., protein, glutamate, coffee, and ethanol) stimuli. Secretion of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cell involves recruitment and fusion of HK-adenosine triphosphatase (HK-ATPase)-containing cytoplasmic tubulovesicles with the apical membrane with subsequent electroneutral transport of hydronium ions in exchange for potassium; the source of the latter is the potassium channel, KCNQ1. Concomitantly, chloride exits via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. Inhibition of the HK-ATPase by proton pump inhibitors leads to a compensatory hypergastrinemia which, if prolonged, results in parietal and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. The clinical consequence is rebound acid secretion which may induce dyspeptic symptoms in healthy individuals and exacerbate reflux symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. SUMMARY: We continue to make progress in our understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion in health and disease. A better understanding of the pathways and mechanisms regulating acid secretion should lead to improved management of patients with acid-induced disorders as well as those who secrete too little acid.
机译：综述的目的：这篇综述总结了过去一年有关在中央，外周和细胞水平上调节胃外分泌和内分泌分泌的文献。最近的发现：胃酸分泌是一个复杂而动态的过程，受神经（有效和传入），激素（例如胃泌素）和旁分泌（例如组胺，生长素释放肽，生长抑素）途径以及机械（例如扩张）途径的调节。 ）和化学（例如蛋白质，谷氨酸，咖啡和乙醇）刺激。壁细胞分泌盐酸涉及到将含有HK-腺苷三磷酸酶（HK-ATPase）的细胞质微管小球募集并融合在一起，并随后通过电子中性运输hydro离子来交换钾。后者的来源是钾通道KCNQ1。同时，氯化物通过囊性纤维化跨膜调节剂排出。质子泵抑制剂对HK-ATP酶的抑制导致代偿性高胃泌素血症，如果持续时间过长，则会导致顶叶和肠嗜铬细胞样细胞增生。临床结果是反酸分泌，可能在健康个体中引起消化不良症状，并加重胃食管反流病患者的反流症状。摘要：我们在了解健康和疾病中胃酸分泌的调节方面继续取得进展。对调节酸分泌的途径和机制的更好的理解应该可以改善对酸引起的疾病以及分泌酸的患者的管理。

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