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Recent advances in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

机译：非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的最新进展

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Purpose of review This review focuses on recent advances in the study of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, natural history and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent findings Study of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, genetic variants and predisposition to altered metabolism and cell injury have contributed to our current understanding of NAFLD. Differential expression of microRNA in fatty liver and its implication in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential have continued to advance over the year. The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in steatohepatitis continues to be explored. The diagnostic utility of imaging and noninvasive markers seems promising in estimating the severity of steatosis and fibrosis. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for accurately assessing NAFLD and steatohepatitis. Lifestyle modification and weight loss improve both metabolic profile and liver histology. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of NAFLD remains lacking. Summary The underlying mechanism and pathogenesis of NAFLD remain elusive despite ongoing researches to make significant advances in the understanding of its natural history, pathogenesis and management. Pharmacotherapy has yet to indicate a promising therapeutic intervention. Current treatment focuses on managing underlying cardio-metabolic risks.
机译：综述的目的本综述着重于非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD）的流行病学，发病机制，自然病史和治疗研究的最新进展。最新发现肝脂质代谢，胰岛素抵抗，线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激，遗传变异以及代谢和细胞损伤易感性的研究有助于我们目前对NAFLD的理解。在过去的一年中，脂肪肝中microRNA的差异表达及其在疾病发病机理和治疗潜力中的意义不断提高。脂肪性肝炎中肝细胞癌的发病机理仍在继续探索中。在估计脂肪变性和纤维化的严重程度时，影像学和非侵入性标志物的诊断效用似乎很有希望。肝活检仍是准确评估NAFLD和脂肪性肝炎的金标准。改变生活方式和减轻体重可改善代谢状况和肝脏组织学。仍然缺乏用于治疗NAFLD的药物疗法。总结尽管正在进行不断的研究以使人们对NAFLD的自然病史，发病机理和治疗方法有重要的了解，但NAFLD的潜在机理和发病机理仍然不清楚。药物疗法尚未表明有希望的治疗干预。当前的治疗重点在于管理潜在的心脏代谢风险。

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