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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of physical chemistry, A. Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment, & general theory >Production of Hydronium Ion (H3O)(+) and Protonated Water Clusters (H2O)(n)H+ after Energetic Ion Bombardment of Water Ice in Astrophysical Environments
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Production of Hydronium Ion (H3O)(+) and Protonated Water Clusters (H2O)(n)H+ after Energetic Ion Bombardment of Water Ice in Astrophysical Environments

机译：在天体物理环境中的水冰轰击水冰后，生产氢氢离子（H3O）（+）和质子水簇（H2O）（N）H +

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Water ice exists on many objects in space. The most abundant icy species, among them water, are present in the icy satellites of the outer Solar System giant planets. The nuclei of comets, which are mainly composed of water ice, give another example of its abundance. In the interstellar medium (ISM), ice mantles, formed by molecular species sticking on dust grains, consist mainly of water ice. All these objects are exposed to ionizing radiation like ions, UV photons, and electrons. Sputtering of atoms, molecules, ions, and radicals from icy surfaces may populate and maintain exospheres of icy objects in the Solar System. In other respects, ionized hydrides such as OH+, H2O+, and H3O+ have been detected in the gas phase in star-forming regions. Interactions with cosmic rays could be an additional explanation to the current models for the formation of those species. In fact, laboratory simulations showed that the main components of the sputtered ionic species from water ice are oxygen hydrides. In this work, water ice targets were irradiated at several temperatures (10-200 K) by 90 keV O6+ ions, yielding an electronic stopping power of about 12 eV/angstrom, when the nuclear stopping power is comparable to the electronic stopping power. Sputtering of secondary ions after bombardment of the ice target was analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Besides hydrogen ions (H+, H-2(+), H-3(+)), also O+, O2+, OH+, (H2O)(+), and clusters of (H2O)(n)H+ with n = 1-8 are emitted. Our results show a progressive yield decrease with increasing temperature of all of the detected species. This is related to the structure of the ice: the ionic sputtering yield for crystalline ice is much lower than for an amorphous ice. For instance, amorphous ice at 10 K exhibits a yield of the order of 2 x 10(-6) secondary (H2O)(n)H+ hydride ions/projectile (with n = 1-8). As the temperature is increasing toward the phase transition to crystalline ice, the yields decrease by about one
机译：在太空中的许​​多物体上存在水冰。其中最丰富的冰冷种类，其中包括水，存在于外太阳系统巨型行星的冰冷卫星中。主要由水冰组成的彗星核，给出了其丰富的另一个例子。在星际培养基（ISM）中，由粘在尘颗粒上的分子物种形成的冰块，主要由水冰组成。所有这些物体都暴露于电离辐射等离子，UV光子和电子等。来自冰冷表面的原子，分子，离子和基团的溅射可能填充和维持太阳系中冰冷物体的强大。在其他方面，已在星形形成区中的气相中检测到离子化氢化物如OH +，H 2 O +和H 3 O +。与宇宙射线的相互作用可能是对当前模型形成这些物种的额外说明。事实上，实验室模拟表明，来自水冰的溅射离子物质的主要成分是氧氢化物。在这项工作中，当核停止功率与电子停止功率相当时，在多个温度（10-200 k）的滤冰靶中照射水冰靶，从而在若干温度（10-200k），产生约12eV /埃的电子停止功率。通过飞行时间质谱（TOF-SIM）分析冰靶后轰击冰靶后的次级离子的溅射。除了氢离子（H +，H-2（+），H-3（+）），O +，O 2 +，OH +，（H 2 O）（+），和（H2O）（n）H +的簇，n = 1- 8被排放。我们的结果表明，随着所有检测到的物种的温度越来越大，逐渐降低。这与冰的结构有关：结晶冰的离子溅射产率远低于无定形冰。例如，10 k下的无定形冰具有2×10（-6）次级（H2O）（N）H +氢化物离子/射弹（用n = 1-8）的产率。随着温度朝向结晶冰的相转变增加，产率下降约一个

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