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Enteral feeding.

机译：肠内喂养。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Enteral nutrition is now the preferred route of nutritional support in malnourished and ICU patients. Studies providing evidence of its efficacy, techniques of administration, and outcome are appearing daily in the literature. This review presents the most important publications in this area and critically reviews them. In this way, the reader can rapidly access important publications from all those that are being published each year. RECENT FINDINGS: A diverse group of studies is covered in this review. The subjects of these studies include the role of enteral and parenteral nutrition in the perioperative patient; reinfusion of succus to promote increased absorption in patients with a fistula or short bowel; enteral nutrition in patients with head injury, in liver disease, and in pancreatitis; bone marrow transplantation; and delivery of enteral nutrition. SUMMARY: Enteral nutrition is an established modality of nutritional support that has received wide acceptance. However, it is not clear in which conditions it improves patient outcome and how to optimize its delivery. In this review, articles addressing the outcome of patients and methods to optimize delivery of enteral nutrition are reviewed. Unfortunately, with few exceptions, most studies are based on few patients or do not have a placebo arm. The usual comparison is with total parenteral nutrition, and in such comparisons, the studies fail to make the two groups comparable in terms of energy intake and the occurrence of a major risk factor for sepsis, namely, hyperglycemia.
机译：审查目的：肠内营养现已成为营养不良和ICU患者的首选营养支持途径。提供有关其功效，给药技术和结果的证据的研究每天都在文献中出现。这篇评论介绍了该领域最重要的出版物，并对它们进行了严格的评论。这样，读者可以从每年正在出版的所有出版物中快速访问重要的出版物。最近的发现：这篇综述涵盖了各种各样的研究。这些研究的主题包括围手术期患者中肠内和肠外营养的作用。瘘管或短肠患者中再注入胶水以促进吸收增加;颅脑损伤，肝病和胰腺炎患者的肠内营养;骨髓移植;并提供肠内营养。总结：肠内营养是一种已被广泛接受的营养支持方式。但是，尚不清楚它在何种情况下可以改善患者预后以及如何优化其递送。在这篇综述中，综述了有关患者结果的文章以及优化肠内营养输送的方法。不幸的是，除少数例外，大多数研究都基于少数患者或没有安慰剂组。通常的比较是与肠胃外营养总量的比较，在这种比较中，研究未能使两组在能量摄入和败血症的主要危险因素即高血糖发生方面具有可比性。

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