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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in gastroenterology >Reciprocal interaction of diet and microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases
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Reciprocal interaction of diet and microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases

机译：饮食与微生物组在炎症性肠病中的相互影响

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Purpose of reviewDiet is an emerging but poorly defined disease modulator in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Dietary factors exert direct effects on epithelial and immune cells and indirectly modulate immune homeostasis by shaping the intestinal microbiota.Recent findingsThe increase in IBD prevalence in industrialized countries is associated with lifestyle changes including diets rich in energy, saturated fats, meat and sugar. Despite the fact that the intestinal ecosystem shows high stability and resilience to short-term perturbations, long-term dietary habits have profound effects on composition and function eventually leading to dysbiosis, that is changes in microbial composition associated with deleterious effects to the host. High-throughput sequencing data generated deeper insights of the intestinal ecosystems related to health and disease. However, the available cohort-studies establish associative relationships between microbiota changes and disease, rather than causality. New mouse models of intestinal inflammation and the possibility to transfer disease-associated microbial consortia state an essential tool to unravel the potential of diet-induced microbial shifts.SummaryThis review will discuss new insights of how nutrition or single dietary factors shape the intestinal ecosystem. Furthermore, we want to provide perspectives for clinical translation of this knowledge to treat or prevent IBD.
机译：复习的目的饮食是炎症性肠病（IBD）中一种新兴但定义不清的疾病调节剂。饮食因素直接影响上皮细胞和免疫细胞，并通过影响肠道菌群而间接调节免疫稳态。最新发现工业化国家IBD患病率增加与生活方式的改变有关，包括富含能量，饱和脂肪，肉和糖的饮食。尽管肠道生态系统显示出对短期扰动的高度稳定性和恢复力，但长期的饮食习惯对成分和功能产生了深远的影响，最终导致营养不良，即微生物成分的变化与对宿主的有害作用有关。高通量测序数据产生了与健康和疾病相关的肠道生态系统的更深刻见解。但是，可用的队列研究建立了微生物群变化与疾病之间的关联关系，而不是因果关系。新的小鼠肠道炎症模型以及与疾病相关的微生物群落转移的可能性为揭示饮食引起的微生物转变的潜力提供了必要的工具。总结本综述将探讨营养或单一饮食因素如何影响肠道生态系统的新见解。此外，我们想为这种知识的临床翻译提供观点，以治疗或预防IBD。

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