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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in lipidology >Omega-3 fatty acids: New insights into the pharmacology and biology of docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid
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Omega-3 fatty acids: New insights into the pharmacology and biology of docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid

机译：Omega-3脂肪酸：二十二碳六烯酸，十二碳五烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的药理学和生物学新见解

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fish oil contains a complex mixture of omega-3 fatty acids, which are predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Each of these omega-3 fatty acids has distinct biological effects that may have variable clinical effects. In addition, plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids are affected not only by dietary intake, but also by the polymorphisms of coding genes fatty acid desaturase 1-3 for the desaturase enzymes that convert short-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The clinical significance of this new understanding regarding the complexity of omega-3 fatty acid biology is the purpose of this review. RECENT FINDINGS: FADS polymorphisms that result in either lower levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or higher levels of long-chain omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, are associated with dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors. EPA and DHA have differences in their effects on lipoprotein metabolism, in which EPA, with a more potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha effect, decreases hepatic lipogenesis, whereas DHA not only enhances VLDL lipolysis, resulting in greater conversion to LDL, but also increases HDL cholesterol and larger, more buoyant LDL particles. SUMMARY: Overall, these results emphasize that blood concentrations of individual long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which reflect both dietary intake and metabolic influences, may have independent, but also complementary- biological effects and reinforce the need to potentially provide a complex mixture of omega-3 fatty acids to maximize cardiovascular risk reduction.
机译：审查目的：鱼油包含omega-3脂肪酸的复杂混合物，主要是二十碳五烯酸（EPA），二十二碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。这些omega-3脂肪酸均具有独特的生物学效应，可能具有不同的临床效应。此外，血浆中ω-3脂肪酸的水平不仅受饮食摄入的影响，而且还受将去饱和酶（短链多不饱和脂肪酸转化为长链多不饱和脂肪酸）的编码基因脂肪酸去饱和酶1-3的多态性影响。脂肪酸。这项关于omega-3脂肪酸生物学复杂性的新理解的临床意义是本文的目的。最新发现：FADS多态性导致较低水平的长链omega-3脂肪酸或较高水平的长链omega-6多不饱和脂肪酸（如花生四烯酸）与血脂异常和其他心血管风险因素相关。 EPA和DHA对脂蛋白代谢的影响不同，其中EPA具有更强的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活的受体-α效应，可降低肝脂肪生成，而DHA不仅增强VLDL脂解作用，从而导致更大的转化为LDL，而且增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和更大，更活跃的低密度脂蛋白颗粒。总结：总体而言，这些结果强调，反映饮食摄入和代谢影响的各个长链多不饱和脂肪酸的血药浓度可能具有独立的，但也具有互补的生物学作用，并加强了潜在提供复杂的欧米茄混合物的需要。 -3脂肪酸可最大程度地降低心血管风险。

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