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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in gastroenterology >Nutrition and colonic health: the critical role of the microbiota.
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Nutrition and colonic health: the critical role of the microbiota.

机译：营养和结肠健康：微生物群的关键作用。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight mechanisms whereby diet affects colonic function and disease patterns. RECENT FINDINGS: Topical nutrients are preferentially used by the gut mucosa to maintain structure and function. With the colon, topical nutrients are generated by the colonic microbiota to maintain mucosal health. Most importantly, short chain fatty acids control proliferation and differentiation, thereby reducing colon cancer risk. In patients with massive loss of small intestine, short chain fatty acid production supports survival by releasing up to 1000 kcal energy/day. Human studies show that the microbiota synthesizes a large pool of utilizable folate which may support survival in impoverished populations. Unfortunately, the microbiota may also elaborate toxic products from food residues such as genotoxic hydrogen sulfide by sulfur-reducing bacteria in response to a high-meat diet. The employment of culture-free techniques based on 16S regions of DNA has revealed that our colons harbor over 800 bacterial species and 7000 different strains. Evidence suggests that the diet directly influences the diversity of the microbiota, providing the link between diet, colonic disease, and colon cancer. The microbiota, however, can determine the efficiency of food absorption and risk of obesity. SUMMARY: Our investigations have focused on a small number of bacterial species: characterization of microbiota and its metabolism can be expected to provide the key to colonic health and disease.
机译：审查目的：强调饮食影响结肠功能和疾病模式的机制。最近发现：肠粘膜优先使用局部营养以维持结构和功能。对于结肠，结肠微生物群可产生局部营养，以维持粘膜健康。最重要的是，短链脂肪酸控制着增殖和分化，从而降低了结肠癌的风险。在小肠大量丢失的患者中，短链脂肪酸的产生通过释放高达1000 kcal的能量/天来支持生存。人体研究表明，微生物群合成了大量可利用的叶酸，这些叶酸可支持贫困人口的生存。不幸的是，微生物群也可能通过减少高硫饮食而通过减少硫的细菌从食物残渣（如遗传毒性硫化氢）中提炼出有毒产品。基于DNA 16S区域的无培养技术的使用表明，我们的结肠具有800多种细菌和7000种不同菌株。有证据表明，饮食直接影响微生物群的多样性，提供饮食，结肠疾病和结肠癌之间的联系。然而，微生物群可以决定食物吸收的效率和肥胖的风险。摘要：我们的研究集中在少数细菌种类上：微生物群及其代谢的表征有望为结肠健康和疾病提供关键。

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