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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in HIV and AIDS >Development of broadly neutralizing antibodies from autologous neutralizing antibody responses in HIV infection
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Development of broadly neutralizing antibodies from autologous neutralizing antibody responses in HIV infection

机译：从HIV感染中的自体中和抗体反应发展广泛的中和抗体

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Purpose of Review: Detailed genetic and structural characterization has revealed that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 have unusually high levels of somatic hypermutation, long CDRH3 domains, and the ability to target one of four sites of vulnerability on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins. A current priority is to understand how bnAbs are generated during natural infection, and translate this information into immunogens that can elicit bnAb following vaccination. RECENT FINDINGS: Strain-specific neutralizing antibodies can acquire broad neutralizing capacity when the transmitted/founder Env or a specific Env variant is recognized by an unmutated rearranged germline that has the capacity to develop bnAb-like features. This event could be relatively infrequent, as only certain germlines appear to possess inherent features needed for bnAb activity. Furthermore, the glycosylation pattern and diversity of circulating HIV-1 Envs, as well as the state of the B-cell compartment, may influence the activation and maturation of certain antibody lineages. SUMMARY: Collectively, studies over the last year have suggested that the development of HIV-1 Env immunogens that bind and activate bnAb-like germlines is feasible. However, more information about the features of Env variants and the host factors that lead to breadth during natural infection are needed to elicit bnAbs through immunization.
机译：审查目的：详细的遗传和结构表征显示，针对HIV-1的广泛中和抗体（bnAbs）具有异常高的体细胞超突变水平，较长的CDRH3结构域，并且能够针对HIV-1的四个脆弱性位点之一定位包膜（Env）糖蛋白。当前的优先重点是了解在自然感染过程中如何产生bnAb，并将此信息转换为可以在接种疫苗后引发bnAb的免疫原。最近的发现：当传播/建立者Env或特定Env变体被具有形成bnAb样特征的能力的未突变重排种系识别时，菌株特异性中和抗体可以获得广泛的中和能力。由于只有某些种系似乎具有bnAb活性所需的固有特征，因此该事件可能相对少见。此外，循环的HIV-1 Env的糖基化模式和多样性以及B细胞区室的状态可能会影响某些抗体谱系的激活和成熟。总结：去年的研究表明，结合并激活bnAb样种系的HIV-1 Env免疫原的开发是可行的。但是，需要更多有关Env变体的特征以及在自然感染过程中导致广度的宿主因素的信息，才能通过免疫引发bnAb。

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