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Coal Mine Dust Lung Disease: The Silent Coal Mining Disaster

机译：煤矿尘肺病：无声的煤矿灾害

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Coal is the second largest source of energy worldwide. As global energy demands continue to rise, coal will remain an important fuel source for years to come. Coal mine dust lung disease (CMDLD) describes the spectrum of respiratory diseases caused by coal mine dust and includes coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), mixed-dust pneumoconiosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diffuse dust-related fibrosis (DDF). Estimates of the worldwide prevalence of CMDLD are unknown due to the lack of reliable information. It is recognized that the prevalence is greater in developing countries where working conditions are not well regulated. Strictly enforced dust control limits in the developed world have resulted in a declining prevalence of CMDLD. However, some countries have seen resurgence in both the prevalence and severity of CMDLD in the last 15 years. There is no cure for CMDLD, and it can progress even after exposure has ceased. Primary prevention of CMDLD, mainly through engineering controls to limit the presence of respirable dust, is therefore of critical importance. These methods include dust suppression techniques and ventilation plans. Unbiased dust sampling programs are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these controls. Personal protective equipment provides inadequate protection due to difficulty with continuous use. Early detection of CMDLD using well-designed medical surveillance screening programs for coal miners is recommended. These programs should include chest imaging, spirometry, and clinical questionnaires. Detection of early disease allows for medical workplace removal as well as evaluation and implementation of improved environmental safety controls that can protect the respiratory health of all miners.
机译：煤炭是全球第二大能源。随着全球能源需求的持续增长，煤炭将在未来几年内继续成为重要的燃料来源。煤矿粉尘肺病（CMDLD）描述了由煤矿粉尘引起的呼吸系统疾病，包括煤矿工人的尘肺病（CWP），混合粉尘尘肺病，慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）和弥散性粉尘相关性纤维化（DDF） ）。由于缺乏可靠的信息，目前尚无关于CMDLD在全球范围内流行率的估计。公认的是，在工作条件没有得到很好管理的发展中国家，这种疾病的患病率更高。发达国家严格执行的粉尘控制限制导致CMDLD的流行率下降。但是，在过去的15年中，一些国家的CMDLD患病率和严重程度均有所回升。 CMDLD尚无治愈方法，即使停止暴露也可以治愈。因此，主要通过工程控制以限制可吸入粉尘的存在，对CMDLD进行一次预防非常重要。这些方法包括抑尘技术和通风计划。需要公正的粉尘采样程序来评估这些控制措施的有效性。由于难以连续使用，个人防护设备提供的保护不足。建议使用针对煤矿工人精心设计的医疗监视筛查程序，尽早发现CMDLD。这些程序应包括胸部成像，肺活量测定和临床调查表。早期疾病的检测可以消除医疗场所的工作，并可以评估和实施改善的环境安全控制措施，从而保护所有矿工的呼吸健康。

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