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Impact of cancers and cardiovascular diseases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.(Miscellaneous Article)

机译：癌症和心血管疾病对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的影响。（杂项）

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Purpose of review: Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The epidemiological and mechanistic evidence linking these disorders, however, is uncertain. Recent findings: In patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease accounts for nearly 50% of all hospitalizations and over 20% of all deaths, whereas lung cancer accounts for about a third of all mortality. Collectively, cancer is responsible for over 50% of all deaths in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In general, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and lung cancer by two-fold, with increasing risk as the disease progresses. The mechanisms linking these disorders have not been well worked out. Shared genetic risk factors, and perturbations in the inflammatory, oxidative and neurohumoral responses, are implicated. Epidemiological studies suggest that anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and lung cancer but have not been confirmed. Summary: Cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer are major sources of morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients should be assessed carefully for additional risk factors and be treated aggressively with interventions to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease and lung cancer.
机译：审查目的：心血管疾病和癌症是慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者发病和死亡的两个主要原因。然而，将这些疾病联系起来的流行病学和机制证据尚不确定。最新发现：在患有轻度慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患者中，心血管疾病占所有住院治疗的近50％，占所有死亡的20％以上，而肺癌则占所有死亡率的约三分之一。在轻度慢性阻塞性肺疾病中，癌症占所有死亡总数的50％以上。通常，慢性阻塞性肺疾病使心血管疾病和肺癌的风险增加两倍，并且随着疾病的发展而增加。与这些疾病相关的机制尚未得到很好的研究。牵涉到共同的遗传危险因素，以及炎症，氧化和神经体液反应中的扰动。流行病学研究表明，抗炎药可降低心血管疾病和肺癌的风险，但尚未得到证实。简介：心血管疾病和肺癌是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发病率和死亡率的主要来源。应该仔细评估患者的其他危险因素，并采取干预措施积极治疗，以减轻心血管疾病和肺癌的风险。

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