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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in lipidology >Apolipoprotein M--a novel player in high-density lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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Apolipoprotein M--a novel player in high-density lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.

机译：载脂蛋白M-高密度脂蛋白代谢和动脉粥样硬化的新分子。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Apolipoprotein M is a recently described apolipoprotein predominantly associated with high-density lipoprotein, but also found in chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoprotein. The purpose is to review recent information on the unusual structural properties of apolipoprotein M and its possible role in formation of pre-beta high-density lipoprotein and reverse cholesterol metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS: Apolipoprotein M is a lipocalin having a coffee filter-like structure with a hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket. Mature apolipoprotein M retains its signal peptide, which serves as a hydrophobic anchor. In mice, silencing of expression in the liver with siRNA led to disappearance of pre-beta high-density lipoprotein and appearance of unusually large high-density lipoproteins. This suggests that apolipoprotein M is important for the formation of pre-beta high-density lipoprotein and reverse cholesterol transport. In accordance with this idea, hepatic overexpression of apolipoprotein M with an adenovirus in low-density lipoprotein-receptor deficient mice led to an approximately 70% reduction of atherosclerosis. In addition to the liver, apolipoprotein M is also expressed in the kidney. Kidney-derived apolipoprotein M binds to megalin, a member of the low-density lipoprotein-receptor family, which interacts with many lipocalins in renal tubuli. Apolipoprotein M is excreted in the urine of mice with a kidney-specific megalin deficiency but not in the urine of normal mice, suggesting megalin-mediated uptake of apolipoprotein M in the tubular epithelium of normal mice. SUMMARY: Apolipoprotein M is a novel apolipoprotein with unusual structural features that appears to play important roles in high-density lipoprotein metabolism and prevention of atherosclerosis.
机译：审查目的：载脂蛋白M是最近描述的一种载脂蛋白，主要与高密度脂蛋白有关，但也存在于乳糜微粒，极低密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白中。目的是回顾有关载脂蛋白M异常结构特征的最新信息，以及其在形成前β高密度脂蛋白和逆转胆固醇代谢中的可能作用。最近的发现：载脂蛋白M是具有咖啡滤纸样结构并带有疏水性配体结合袋的脂环蛋白。成熟的载脂蛋白M保留其信号肽，该信号肽充当疏水锚。在小鼠中，使用siRNA沉默肝脏中的表达会导致β-前高密度脂蛋白的消失和异常大的高密度脂蛋白的出现。这表明载脂蛋白M对于前β高密度脂蛋白的形成和胆固醇逆向转运很重要。按照这一想法，在低密度脂蛋白受体缺陷型小鼠中，腺病毒肝载脂蛋白M的过度表达导致动脉粥样硬化减少约70％。除肝脏外，载脂蛋白M还在肾脏中表达。肾脏来源的载脂蛋白M与巨蛋白结合，巨蛋白是低密度脂蛋白受体家族的成员，该家族与肾小管中的许多脂蛋白相互作用。载脂蛋白M在具有肾脏特异性巨蛋白缺乏症的小鼠的尿中排泄，但在正常小鼠的尿液中不排泄，这表明巨蛋白介导的正常小鼠肾小管上皮摄取载脂蛋白M。摘要：载脂蛋白M是一种具有独特结构特征的新型载脂蛋白，在高密度脂蛋白代谢和预防动脉粥样硬化中起着重要作用。

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