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首页> 外文期刊>Vaccine >The certification of smallpox eradication and implications for guinea worm, poliomyelitis, and other diseases: Confirming and maintaining a negative
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The certification of smallpox eradication and implications for guinea worm, poliomyelitis, and other diseases: Confirming and maintaining a negative

机译：豚鼠，脊髓灰质炎和其他疾病的Smallpox根除和影响的认证：确认和保持负面

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摘要

Rigorous, independent, confirmation of disease eradication is necessary to assure credibility of the claimed accomplishment. The criteria and procedures for formal certification of global disease freedom are based on the biological and epidemiologicalfeatures of the pathogen and its manifestations. Certification activities by previously endemic and at-risk countries include comprehensive documentation focusing on surveillance, reports of national independent review groups, and special field surveys.National and regional results are reviewed by authoritative International Commissions (ICs) which verify the findings by field visits. The ICs present their results to an independent WHO-convened group ("Global Commission" for smallpox), members of which participate in field visits. When fully satisfied, the Global Commission makes conclusions and recommendations to the World Health Assembly (WHA). Smallpox was confirmed eradicated in 1980 by the WHA less than three years after the last naturally occurring case was detected. Dracunculiasis (guinea worm) freedom has been certified in 187 countries. Regional commissions have certified the Americas, Asia, and Europe polio-free; however, re-establishment of endemic foci in countries previously declared disease-free has created special challenges for completing this program. Post-eradication activities require attention to surveillance, maximum security of the microbial agent, and essential research to assure maintenance of disease freedom.
机译：严谨，独立，确认疾病根除是必要的，以确保索赔的成就。全球疾病自由的正式认证标准和程序基于病原体的生物和流行病学及其表现形式。以前地方和风险国家的认证活动包括综合文件，重点是监测，国家独立审查团体的报告，以及特殊的领域调查。由权威的国际委员会（IC）审查了核查结果的授权国际委员会的审查。 ICS将其结果呈现出独立的谁召集的集团（“全球佣金”为Smallpox），其成员参与实地考察。全球委员会全球委员会（WHA）向世界卫生大会（WHA）结论和建议。在检测到最后三年后，在1980年，在1980年被持续到三年后，Smallpox被确认。 Dracunculiasis（几内亚蠕虫）自由于187个国家获得认证。区域委员会已经证明了美洲，亚洲和欧洲免费;但是，在以前宣布的国家的各国的特有焦点重建，为完成本计划创造了特别挑战。后期后活动需要注意监测，微生物剂的最大安全性，以及确保疾病自由维持的基本研究。

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