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首页> 外文期刊>Developmental biology >Ciona robusta ( Ciona intestinalis type A) and Ciona savignyi
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Ciona robusta ( Ciona intestinalis type A) and Ciona savignyi

机译：Robusta Ciona（Ciona Intestinalis类型a）和ciona savignyi

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Abstract The calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) is an important second messenger, and a rapid increase in Ca 2+ level (Ca 2+ transient) is involved in various aspects of embryogenesis. Although Ca 2+ transients play an important role in early developmental stages, little is known about their dynamics throughout embryogenesis. Here, Ca 2+ transients were characterized by visualizing Ca 2+ dynamics in developing chordate embryos using a fluorescent protein-based Ca 2+ indicator, GCaMP6s in combination with finely tuned microscopy. Ca 2+ transients were detected in precursors of muscle cells in the late gastrula stage. In the neurula stage, repetitive Ca 2+ transients were observed in left and right neurogenic cells, including visceral ganglion (VG) precursors, and the duration of Ca 2+ transients was 39±4s. In the early tailbud stage, Ca 2+ transients were observed in differentiating precursors of nerve cord neurons. A small population of VG precursors showed rhythmical Ca 2+ transients with a duration of 22±4s, suggesting a central pattern generator (CPG) origin. At the mid tailbud stage, C a 2+ t ransients were observed in a wide area of e pidermal c ells and named CTECs. The number and frequency of CTECs increased drastically in late tailbud stages, and the timing of the increase coincided with that of the relaxation of the tail bending. The experiment using Ca 2+ chelator showed that the CTECs were largely depending on the extracellular Ca 2+ . The waveform analysis of Ca 2+ transients revealed different features according to duration and frequency. The comprehensive characterization of Ca 2+ transients during early ascidian embryogenesis will help our understanding of the role of Ca 2+ signaling in chordate embryogenesis. Graphical abstract Display Omitted Highlights ? Ca 2+ transients were comprehensively characterized in developing ascidian embryos. ? The oscillation of Ca 2+ transients was observed in the visceral ganglion cells. ? The oscillation of Ca 2+ transients was considered as a central pattern generator. ? Ca 2+ transients depending on the extracellular Ca 2+ were observed in epidermis. ? The waveform analysis revealed different features in each duration and frequency.
机译：摘要钙离子（Ca 2+）是重要的第二个信使，Ca 2+水平的快速增加（Ca 2+瞬态）涉及胚胎发生的各个方面。虽然CA+瞬变在早期发育阶段发挥着重要作用，但对于整个胚胎发生的动态知之甚少。这里，Ca 2+瞬变的特征在于使用荧光蛋白的Ca 2+指示器，GCAMP6S与精细调谐的显微镜组合在开发脊索胚胎中，在显影脊柱胚胎中的表征。在晚胃肠杆菌阶段的肌肉细胞的前体中检测到Ca 2+瞬变。在神经水平阶段，在左和右神经发生细胞中观察到重复的Ca 2+瞬变，包括内脏神经节（Vg）前体，并且Ca 2+瞬变的持续时间为39±4s。在早期的尾级阶段，在鉴别神经脐带神经元的前体中观察到Ca 2+瞬变。群体的众多VG前体展示节奏的Ca 2+瞬变，持续时间为22±4s，表明中央图案发生器（CPG）原点。在Mid Tailbud阶段，在e Pidermal C ells的广泛区域中观察到2+ T ransients并命名为CTECS。 CTEC的数量和频率在后尾阶段的急剧增加，并且增加的时间与尾部弯曲的松弛相吻合。使用Ca 2+螯合剂的实验表明，CTEC主要取决于细胞外Ca 2+。 CA 2+瞬变的波形分析根据持续时间和频率揭示了不同的特征。早期阿丙基胚胎发生期间Ca 2+瞬变的综合表征将有助于我们了解Ca 2+信号传导在脊索胚胎发生中的作用。图形抽象显示省略了亮点？ CA 2+瞬变被全面地表征开发亚胱内胚胎。还是在内脏神经节细胞中观察到Ca 2+瞬变的振荡。还是CA 2+瞬变的振荡被认为是中心图案发生器。还是根据表皮观察到取决于细胞外Ca 2+的Ca 2+瞬变。还是波形分析显示每个持续时间和频率的不同特征。

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