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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Animal Science >Pneumatic dart delivery of tulathromycin in calves results in lower antimicrobial concentrations and increased biomarkers of stress and injection site inflammation compared with subcutaneous injection
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Pneumatic dart delivery of tulathromycin in calves results in lower antimicrobial concentrations and increased biomarkers of stress and injection site inflammation compared with subcutaneous injection

机译：与皮下注射相比，犊牛患者在犊牛中抑郁症的抑制症递送和增加的应激和注射部位炎症的生物标志物的速度降低

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Remote drug delivery (RDD) using pneumatic darts has become more prevalent in situations where cattle handling facilities are not available. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of pneumatic dart delivery and subcutaneous injection of tulathromycin on plasma pharmacokinetics and biomarkers of inflammation, stress, and muscle injury in calves. Twenty-three castrated-male Holstein calves, approximately 10 mo of age with an average weight of 378 +/- 6.49 kg, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Calves in the RDD group (n = 15) received 10 mL of tulathromycin (2.42 to 2.93 mg/kg) delivered into the left neck using a Type U 10.0 mL 1.9-cm 14 G Needle pneumatic dart administered with a breech loading projector. With the exception of 1 light weight calf that received 7 mL (2.53 mg/kg), calves in the injection group (INJ) (n = 8) also received 10 mL of tulathromycin (2.34 to 2.68 mg/kg) administered as a single subcutaneous injection in the left neck using a 14 G, 1.9-cm needle and a 12-mL syringe. Serum tulathromycin, cortisol, creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations were determined in combination with other biomarkers of inflammation including mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), infrared thermography (IRT), and swelling at the injection site over 432 h after administration. Pneumatic darts failed to deliver the required dose of tulathromycin in 4 of 15 calves evidenced by heavier dart weights post-administration (24 vs. 13.5 g). When these 4 calves were removed from the analysis, calves in the RDD group were found to have a smaller area under the tulathromycin concentration curve (AUC) (P = 0.005) and faster clearance (P = 0.025) compared with the INJ group. Furthermore, the RDD group recorded a greater difference in MNT between the treated and contralateral neck compared with the INJ group at 12 h (P = 0.016), 216 h (P = 0.024), and 288 h (P = 0.0494) after administration. Serum CK was elevated at 24 h (P = 0.03) and AST was greater at 24 h (P = 0.024) and 48 h (P = 0.037) after RDD. Serum cortisol concentrations were also greater at 0.5 h (P = 0.02) after RDD. These findings suggest that RDD is associated with reduced total body exposure to tulathromycin and increased acute stress, muscle damage, and pain at the injection site. Furthermore, the failure of darts to consistently deliver antimicrobial therapy has a negative impact on the welfare of sick animals treated with RDD technologies.
机译：在牛处理设施不可用的情况下，使用气动镖的远程药物递送（RDD）变得更加普遍。本研究的目的是比较气动DART递送和皮下注射TULATHROMYCIN对炎症，压力和肌肉损伤的血浆药代动力学和生物标志物的影响。二十三个阉割雄性Holstein小牛，大约10℃的平均重量为378 +/- 6.49千克，被随机分配给2组的1个。使用型U 10.0mL 1.9-cm 14g针气动掷术，RDD组（n = 15）在左颈部接收10ml坦拉霉素（2.42至2.93mg / kg）。除了接受7ml（2.53mg / kg）的1个重量级小牛，注射组（注射）（n = 8）中的牛犊还接受10 ml的杜拉莫霉素（2.34至2.68mg / kg）作为单一的使用14g，1.9-cm针和12-mL注射器在左颈部皮下注射。与包括机械伤害阈值（MNT），红外热成像（IRT）的其他生物标志物组合测定血清TulAthromycin，皮质醇，肌酸激酶（AST）浓度，并在注射部位肿胀432小时管理后。气动镖未能在施用后较重的速度重量（24 vs.13.5g）中，在15只小牛中的4个犊牛中所需剂量的杜拉冬霉素（24 vs.13.5g）。当从分析中除去这四个小腿时，发现RDD组中的牛犊在坦拉霉素浓度曲线（AUC）下具有较小的区域（P = 0.005），与INJ组相比，速度更快（P = 0.025）。此外，RDD组在施用后12小时（P = 0.016），216小时（P = 0.024）和288小时（P = 0.0494）之间的治疗和对侧颈部之间的MNT差异较大。血清CK在24小时（P = 0.03）升高，AST在RDD后24小时（P = 0.024）和48小时（P = 0.037）更大。在RDD之后，血清皮质醇浓度也在0.5小时（p = 0.02）。这些发现表明RDD与抑制霉素的总体暴露和急性胁迫，肌肉损伤和注射部位疼痛增加相关。此外，镖持续递送抗菌治疗的失败对用RDD技术治疗的生病动物的福利产生负面影响。

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