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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Animal Science >ASAS-SSR Triennnial Reproduction Symposium: Looking Back and Moving Forward-How Reproductive Physiology has Evolved: Fetal origins of impaired muscle growth and metabolic dysfunction: Lessons from the heat-stressed pregnant ewe
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ASAS-SSR Triennnial Reproduction Symposium: Looking Back and Moving Forward-How Reproductive Physiology has Evolved: Fetal origins of impaired muscle growth and metabolic dysfunction: Lessons from the heat-stressed pregnant ewe

机译：ASAS-SSR Triennnnial繁殖研讨会：回顾和前进 - 如何生殖生理已经发展：肌肉生长受损和代谢功能障碍的胎儿起源：来自炎热的孕妇的课程

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Intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR) is the second leading cause of perinatal mortality and predisposes offspring to metabolic disorders at all stages of life. Muscle-centric fetal adaptations reduce growth and yield metabolic parsimony, beneficial for IUGR fetal survival but detrimental to metabolic health after birth. Epidemiological studies have reported that IUGR-born children experience greater prevalence of insulin resistance and obesity, which progresses to diabetes, hypertension, and other metabolic disorders in adulthood that reduce quality of life. Similar adaptive programming in livestock results in decreased birth weights, reduced and inefficient growth, decreased carcass merit, and substantially greater mortality rates prior to maturation. High rates of glucose consumption and metabolic plasticity make skeletal muscle a primary target for nutrient-sparing adaptations in the IUGR fetus, but at the cost of its contribution to proper glucose homeostasis after birth. Identifying the mechanisms underlying IUGR pathophysiology is a fundamental step in developing treatments and interventions to improve outcomes in IUGR-born humans and livestock. In this review, we outline the current knowledge regarding the adaptive restriction of muscle growth and alteration of glucose metabolism that develops in response to progressively exacerbating intrauterine conditions. In addition, we discuss the evidence implicating developmental changes in ss adrenergic and inflammatory systems as key mechanisms for dysregulation of these processes. Lastly, we highlight the utility and importance of sheep models in developing this knowledge.
机译：宫内生长限制（IUGR）是围产期死亡率的第二个主要原因，并且在生命的所有阶段对代谢障碍进行后代。以肌肉为中心的胎儿适应减少生长和产量代谢分析，有利于IugR胎儿存活，但出生后的代谢健康状况不利。流行病学研究报道称，IUGR出生的儿童患上胰岛素抵抗和肥胖的普遍性，这对成年期的糖尿病，高血压和其他代谢障碍降低了降低了生活质量。在牲畜中的类似自适应编程导致出生体重减少，减少和低效的增长，降低胴体优异，成熟前的死亡率大得多。高葡萄糖消耗和代谢可塑性使骨骼肌成为IUGR胎儿中营养备受态度的主要目标，但在出生后对适当葡萄糖稳态的贡献成本。识别IUGR病理生理学的基础是制定治疗和干预措施，以改善IUGR出生的人类和牲畜的结果。在本综述中，我们概述了关于肌肉生长的自适应限制的目前的知识和葡萄糖代谢的改变，这些术语是逐次加剧宫内条件的影响。此外，我们讨论了SS肾上腺素能和炎症系统中发育变化的证据，作为这些过程的关键机制。最后，我们突出了绵羊模型在发展这种知识时的实用性和重要性。

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