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Water based blowing agents for rubber extrusion

机译：用于橡胶挤出的水基吹风剂

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Physiologically hazardous chemical blowing agents are state of the art for the foaming of extruded rubber profiles. Water is a potential alternative to these blowing agents and is incorporated into rubber compounds in the form of water-leaded hygroscopic substances such as carbon blacks, silica, or hydrates. To achieve an optimum foaming result, the water desorption and cross-linking reaction has to be coordinated. In thermogravimetric investigations it is found that the inertia of the evaporation process plays an important role in water desorption mechanisms. It turned out that manual conditioning of the hygroscopic fillers with water is not reproducible. As a consequence, measurement uncertainties in characterization resulted, so that statistical proof of the expected effects on water desorption due to the specific properties of the fillers (e.g., silanol group density, specific surface area) could not be provided. However, carbon blacks are less suitable than silica due to the lower desorption temperature. The precipitated silica Ultrasil 360 with a relatively high pH-value showed higher water desorption rates than the other silica. The desorption temperature can reproducibly be adjusted as required by a suitable choice of hydrate. Since the absolute amount of water in the rubber compound is crucial to the foaming behavior during vulcanization Karl Fischer titration is used to determine the water content of a polar and a nonpolar rubber compound is determined over several weeks. Depending on the climatic conditions during storage, large deviations from the amount of incorporated water occur especially for polar rubber compounds such as nitrile butadiene rubber.
机译：生理学上有害化学发泡剂是本领域中用于挤出橡胶型材的发泡状态。水是这些发泡剂的潜在替代物而被结合到橡胶化合物中的水引线吸湿性物质，如炭黑，二氧化硅，或水合物的形式。以实现最佳发泡结果是，水脱附和交联反应，必须协调。在热调查发现蒸发过程的惯性起着水的脱附机制中起重要作用。原来，与水的吸湿填料的手动调节是不可复制的。因此，在表征测量的不确定性导致，使得对水的脱附由于填料的特定性质所期望的效果统计证明（例如，硅烷醇基密度，比表面积）无法提供。然而，炭黑是除二氧化硅不太适合由于较低的解吸温度。所述沉淀二氧化硅的Ultrasil 360具有相对高的pH值显示出较高的水的脱附率比其他的二氧化硅。所要求的水合物的合适选择的解吸温度可再现地进行调整。因为水在橡胶化合物的绝对量是硫化Karl Fischer滴定在发泡行为关键用于确定极性和非极性的橡胶化合物在几个周测定的水含量。根据储存期间的气候条件，从PJ内置的水的量的大的偏差如丁腈橡胶极性橡胶化合物如尤其发生。

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