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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, D. Atmospheres: JGR >Intracloud Lightning Flashes Initiated at High Altitudes and Dominated by Downward Positive Leaders
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Intracloud Lightning Flashes Initiated at High Altitudes and Dominated by Downward Positive Leaders

机译：Intracloud Lightning闪烁在高海拔地区发起，并由向下积极的领导者主导

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摘要

Intracloud (IC) lightning flashes are normally initiated below 10 km and start with upward negative leaders. In this paper, we report a special type of IC flash called “downward positive IC (+IC) flash” which is initiated at high altitudes (mainly above 12 km) and whose initial negative leaders do not propagate upward. Three‐dimensional location results of three downward +IC flashes are described in detail. It is demonstrated that downward +IC flashes start with positive leaders propagating downward with speeds on the order of 10~4 m/s and negative leaders propagating horizontally for only a short distance. Downward +IC flashes are produced in thunderstorms with deep convective updrafts (radar echoes of cloud tops typically higher than 14 km). The charge structure responsible for downward +IC flashes is inferred to be a positive dipole including a negative charge region at a normal altitude (near the -10 °C isotherm) and an upper positive charge region at a relatively high altitude (usually above the -50 °C isotherm), with downward +IC flashes likely initiated from the upper positive charge region. Further, lightning flashes in a thunderstorm producing a large number of downward +IC flashes are analyzed. Results show that normal IC flashes in this thunderstorm are also initiated at altitudes closer to the upper positive charge region and usually consist of downward positive leaders propagating for longer distances than upward negative leaders. Based on these results, we propose a relationship between the altitude of the upper positive charge region and initiation locations of IC flashes.
机译：Intracloud（IC）闪电通常在10 km以下发起，并以向上的负面领导者开始。在本文中，我们报告了一种称为“向下正IC（+ IC）闪光”的特殊类型的IC闪光，其在高海拔（主要高于12公里），其初始负面领导者不会向上传播。详细描述了三维位置的三维位置结果。据证明，向下+ IC闪烁从正面透过的正面引导，随着10〜4米/秒的速度，负面的领导者水平传播仅短距离。向下+ IC闪烁在雷暴中产生，具有深入对流的上升器（云顶的雷达回波通常高于14公里）。负责向下+ IC闪光的电荷结构被推断为具有正常高度（靠近-10°C等温线）的负电荷区域的正偶极子，并且在相对高的高度（通常高于 - 50°C等温线），具有向下+ IC闪光灯可能从上部正电荷区域发起。此外，分析了产生大量向下+ IC闪光的雷暴中的闪烁。结果表明，该雷暴中的普通IC闪烁也在接近上部正电荷区域的高度开始，通常由向下传播的向下距离而不是向上的负面领导者组成。基于这些结果，我们提出了上部充电区域的海拔地区与IC闪光的发起位置之间的关系。

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