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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, D. Atmospheres: JGR >GPM Satellite Radar Measurements of Precipitation and Freezing Level in Atmospheric Rivers: Comparison With Ground-Based Radars and Reanalyses
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GPM Satellite Radar Measurements of Precipitation and Freezing Level in Atmospheric Rivers: Comparison With Ground-Based Radars and Reanalyses

机译：大气河流沉淀和冷冻水平的GPM卫星雷达测量：与地面雷达和Reanalyses的比较

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摘要

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) account for more than 90% of the total meridional water vapor flux in midlatitudes, and 25–50% of the annual precipitation in the coastal western United States. In this study, reflectivity profiles from the Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM-DPR) are used to evaluate precipitation and temperature characteristics of ARs over the western coast of North America and the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Evaluation of GPM-DPR bright-band height using a network of ground-based vertically pointing radars along the West Coast demonstrated exceptional agreement, and comparison with freezing level height from reanalyses over the eastern North Pacific Ocean also consistently agreed, indicating that GPM-DPR can be used to independently validate freezing level in models. However, precipitation comparison with gridded observations across the western United States indicated deficiencies in GPM-DPR's ability to reproduce the spatial distribution of winter precipitation, likely related to sampling frequency. Over the geographically homogeneous oceanic portion of the domain, sampling frequency was not problematic, and significant differences in the frequency and intensity of precipitation between GPM-DPR and reanalyses highlighted biases in both satellite-observed and modeled AR precipitation. Reanalyses precipitation rates below the minimum sensitivity of GPM-DPR accounted for a 20% increase in total precipitation, and 25% of radar-derived precipitation rates were greater than the 99th percentile precipitation rate in reanalyses. Due to differences in the proportions of precipitation in convective, stratiform bright-band, and non-bright-band conditions, AR conditions contributed nearly 10% more to total precipitation in GPM-DPR than reanalyses.
机译：大气河流（ARS）占MIDlitudes总经济水蒸气通量的90％以上，美国沿海西部的25-50％的年降水量。在该研究中，来自全局降水测量的反射率分布用于评估北美西部海岸和东北太平洋西海岸的沉淀和温度特征。使用沿着西海岸的地面垂直指向雷达网络评估GPM-DPR亮频带高度展示了特殊协议，并且与东北太平洋东部的Reanalyses的冷冻水平高度进行了比较，也一致同意，表明GPM-DPR可用于在模型中独立验证冻结级别。然而，与西部美国西部的网格观测的降水比较表明了GPM-DPR再现冬季降水空间分布的能力，可能与采样频率有关。在地理上均匀的域的海洋部分，采样频率并不有问题，并且GPM-DPR和Reanalys之间降水频率和强度差异显着突出显示卫星观察和模型的AR沉淀中的偏差。 Reanalyses降水率低于GPM-DPR的最小敏感性占总沉淀的20％，雷达衍生的沉淀率的25％大于Reanalyses中的第99百分位的降水速率。由于对流，层状明亮带和非亮带条件的沉淀比例的差异，AR条件在GPM-DPR中的总沉淀比Reansyses更高近10％。

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