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An integrated modeling approach for identifying cost-effective strategies in controlling water pollution of urban watersheds

机译：一种综合建模方法，用于确定城市流域水污染的成本效益策略

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In water pollution control of urban river basins, one major issue is to reduce water pollutants at the least costs. In this research, an integrated hydrodynamic-water quality simulation-based multi-response surface method was proposed to help optimize mitigation measures on water quality rehabilitation in Shiwuli River basin of Hefei City, China. Initially, multi-response surface method (MRSM) with two-levels and two responses, i.e., cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) and water quality standard-reaching rate (WQSR) were designed where the factors of interests include the point source reducing rate (i.e., Factor A), the non-point source reducing rate (i.e., Factor B) and water transfer (i.e., Factor C). Then a hydrodynamic-water quality model was developed to predict water quality effects of the proposed combined factors. At the same time, the cost functions were established to estimate economic costs of the combined factors. Lastly, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA) were employed to help gain some new cognition in the statistically significant way. The obtained model revealed that Factor A and B were significant for both CER and WQSR. This means that in the study area, pollution source reduction is more important than water transfer. Though the optimal minimal CER was obtainable with 0.1493 (M$ per percentage) when the pointing source reducing rate is 77.9%, the non-point source reducing rate is 40% and the water transfer was controlled at a low level, respectively, with water quality standard-reaching rate 70.7%. It fails to achieve water quality objectives (WQSR >= 90.0%). Moreover, In order to meet water quality target, simultaneous optimization of two objective functions: minimal CER and maximal WQSR was achievable with the optimum value of 90% for WQSR and 0.1810 (M$ per percentage) for CER ,respectively, with the pointing source reducing rate (90.0%), the non-point source reducing rate (57.2%) and the water transfer at a low level. It provided an alternative simulation-optimization method for decision of water pollution control which had the advantages in reflecting the real water environment system and simplifying the algorithm compared to the conventional mathematical programming at the watershed scale.
机译：在城市河流盆地的水污染控制中，一个主要问题是以最少的成本降低水污染物。在本研究中，提出了一种基于集成的流体动力学 - 水质模拟的多响应表面方法，帮助优化了中国合肥市世河流域水质康复的缓解措施。最初，具有两级和两个响应的多响应表面方法（MRSM），即成本效益比（CER）和水质标准达到率（WQSR）的设计，其中有趣的因素包括点源降低率（即，因子A），非点源还原率（即，因子B）和水转移（即，因子C）。然后开发了一种流体动力学水质模型，以预测所提出的综合因素的水质效应。与此同时，成立了成本职能，以估算合并因素的经济成本。最后，采用对差异（ANOVA）和多元回归分析（MRA）的分析来帮助以统计上显着的方式获得一些新认知。所获得的模型表明，因子A和B对于CER和WQSR都很重要。这意味着在研究领域，污染源减少比水转移更重要。虽然当指向源降低速率为77.9％时，最佳最小CER可获得0.1493（百分比），但非点源降低速率为40％，水分转移分别在低水平下控制，水质量标准达到70.7％。它未能达到水质目标（WQSR> = 90.0％）。此外，为了满足水质目标，同时优化两个客观函数：最小的CER和最大WQSR可分别为WQSR的最佳值为90％，分别具有指向源的0.1810（百分比）。降低速率（90.0％），非点源降低速率（57.2％）和低水平的水转量。它提供了一种替代仿真优化方法，用于污染控制的决定，其具有反映真实水环境系统的优点，并与流域规模的传统数学规划相比，算法简化了算法。

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