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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Molecular Biology >Mitochondria! DNA Purifying Selection in Mammals and Invertebrates
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Mitochondria! DNA Purifying Selection in Mammals and Invertebrates

机译：线粒体！ DNA在哺乳动物和无脊椎动物中纯化选择

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摘要

Numerous mitochondrial quality control mechanisms exist within cells, but none have been shown to effectively assess and control the quality of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One reason such mechanisms have yet to be elucidated is that they do not appear to be particularly active in most somatic cells, where many studies are conducted. The female germline, the cell lineage that gives rise to eggs, appears to be an exception. In the germline, strong purifying selection pathways act to eliminate deleterious mtDNA. These pathways have apparently evolved to prevent pathogenic mtDNA mutations from accumulating over successive generations and causing a decline of species via Muller's ratchet. Despite their fundamental biological importance, the mechanisms underlying purifying selection remain poorly understood, with no genes involved in this process yet identified. In this review, we discuss recent studies exploring mechanisms of germline mtDNA purifying selection in both mammalian and invertebrate systems. We also discuss the challenges to future major advances. Understanding the molecular basis of purifying selection is not only a fundamental outstanding question in biology, but may also pave the way to controlling selection in somatic tissues, potentially leading to treatments for people suffering from mitochondrial diseases. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：细胞内存在许多线粒体质量控制机制，但没有已显示有效评估和控制线粒体DNA（MTDNA）的质量。这种机制尚未阐明的一个原因是它们在大多数体细胞中似乎并不特别活跃，其中进行了许多研究。雌性种系，引起鸡蛋的细胞谱系似乎是一个例外。在种系中，强大的净化选择途径，以消除有害的MTDNA。这些途径显然已经进化以防止致病性MTDNA突变在连续几代内积累并通过Muller的棘轮造成物种的下降。尽管其基本的生物重要性，所净化选择的机制仍然明显差，但没有参与该过程的基因尚未识别。在本综述中，我们讨论了最近的研究探讨了哺乳动物和无脊椎动物系统中种系MTDNA净化选择的机制。我们还讨论了未来的重大进展的挑战。了解净化选择的分子基础不仅是生物学的基本突出问题，而且也可能铺平了控制体细胞组织中的选择，可能导致患有线粒体疾病的人的治疗。 （c）2018年elestvier有限公司保留所有权利。

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