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From Genetic Association to Molecular Mechanisms for Islet-cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes

机译:从遗传结合到2型糖尿病胰岛细胞功能障碍的分子机制

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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 400 signals robustly associated with risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). At the vast majority of these loci, the lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reside in noncoding regions of the genome, which hampers biological inference and translation of genetic discoveries into disease mechanisms. The study of these T2D risk variants in normoglycemic individuals has revealed that a significant proportion are exerting their disease risk through islet-cell dysfunction. The central role of the islet is also demonstrated by numerous studies, which have shown an enrichment of these signals in islet-specific epigenomic annotations. In recent years the emergence of authentic human beta-cell lines, and advances in genome-editing technologies coupled with improved protocols differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into beta-like cells has opened up new opportunities for T2D disease modeling.
机译:基因组 - 范围的协会研究(GWAs)鉴定出超过400个患有2型糖尿病(T2D)的风险的信号。 在绝大多数这些基因座中,铅单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位于基因组的非编码区,妨碍了生物学推理和遗传发现转化为疾病机制。 对常规血糖性质的这些T2D风险变异的研究表明,通过胰岛细胞功能障碍施加巨大比例。 胰岛的中心作用也得到了许多研究,这证明了在胰岛特异性表观型注释中富集这些信号。 近年来,正宗人β细胞系的出现,以及与改进的方案结合的基因组编辑技术的进展,将人类多能干细胞分化成β样细胞的新机会为T2D疾病建模开辟了新的机会。

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