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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Molecular Biology >Protein and Glycan Mimicry in HIV Vaccine Design
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Protein and Glycan Mimicry in HIV Vaccine Design

机译：艾滋病毒疫苗设计中的蛋白质和聚糖模拟

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摘要

Antigenic mimicry is a fundamental tenet of structure-based vaccinology. Vaccine strategies for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) focus on the mimicry of its envelope spike (Env) due to its exposed location on the viral membrane and role in mediating infection. However, the virus has evolved to minimize the immunogenicity of conserved epitopes on the envelope spike. This principle is starkly illustrated by the presence of an extensive array of host-derived glycans, which act to shield the underlying protein from antibody recognition. Despite these hurdles, a subset of HIV-infected individuals eventually develop broadly neutralizing antibodies that recognize these virally presented glycans. Effective HIV-1 immunogens are therefore likely to involve some degree of mimicry of both the protein and glycan components of Env. As such, considerable efforts have been made to characterize the structure of the envelope spike and its glycan shield. This review summarizes the recent progress made in this field, with an emphasis on our growing understanding of the factors shaping the glycan shield of Env derived from both virus and soluble immunogens. We argue that recombinant mimics of the envelope spike are currently capable of capturing many features of the native viral glycan shield. Finally, we explore strategies through which the immunogenicity of Env glycans may be enhanced in the development of future immunogens. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：抗原模拟物是基于结构的疫苗学的基本原则。由于其在病毒膜上的暴露位置和在介导感染中的作用，人类免疫缺陷病毒类型1（HIV-1）的疫苗策略专注于其包络穗（ENV）的模仿。然而，病毒已经进化以最小化保护型峰值上的保守表位的免疫原性。通过存在广泛的宿主衍生的聚糖，该原理是显着的，该聚糖阵列的存在，其仅用于保护底层蛋白质免受抗体识别。尽管存在这些障碍，但艾滋病毒感染的个体的子集最终开发了识别这些病毒呈递的聚糖的宽度中和抗体。因此，有效的HIV-1免疫原可能涉及ENV的蛋白质和聚糖组分的一定程度的模拟性。因此，已经采取了相当大的努力来表征包络穗及其甘草屏蔽的结构。本综述总结了该领域最近取得的进展，重点是我们越来越多地理解塑造来自病毒和可溶性免疫原的env的甘草盾的因素。我们认为包络穗的重组模拟目前能够捕获本地病毒糖罩罩的许多特征。最后，我们探讨了在未来免疫因素的发展中可以提高Env Glycans的免疫原性的策略。 （c）2019年作者。 elsevier有限公司出版

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