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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Materials Chemistry, A. Materials for energy and sustainability >Direct observation of continuous networks of 'sol-gel' processed metal oxide thin film for organic and perovskite photovoltaic modules with long-term stability
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Direct observation of continuous networks of 'sol-gel' processed metal oxide thin film for organic and perovskite photovoltaic modules with long-term stability

机译：具有长期稳定性的有机和钙钛矿光伏模块的“溶胶”加工金属氧化物薄膜连续网络的直接观察

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摘要

'Sol-gel'-processed transition metal oxide (TMO) thin films sandwiched by an organic photoactive layer and metal electrodes have proven to be a versatile interlayer for photovoltaics with long-term stability on the laboratory scale; however, chemical defects and dewetting (or shrinkage) processes during sol-gel synthesis on top of the photoactive layer often cause performance variations, impeding the development of large-area photovoltaic modules. Here, we demonstrate that a low surface energy difference at the organic interface allows long-range diffusion of metal ion precursors to promote continuous chemical synthesis associated with oxo-bridge formation. Using high-resolution Auger electron spectroscopy, we confirm that the resultant TMO thin film on top of the suitable surface has a defect-free and continuous metal-oxygen network (MON) with a high oxygen/metal ratio. Our findings can be applied to obtain organic/perovskite photovoltaic modules having long-term stability, approaching an efficiency of 4.2%/14.5% and maintaining over 80% of their initial efficiency for up to 1500 hours/2000 hours with an area of 10.8 cm(2)/9.06 cm(2).
机译：被有机光活性层和金属电极夹着的溶胶 - 凝胶的过渡金属氧化物（TMO）薄膜已被证明是用于光伏中间的多功能中间层，具有实验室规模的长期稳定性;然而，在光活性层顶部的溶胶 - 凝胶合成过程中的化学缺陷和脱模（或收缩）过程经常导致性能变化，阻碍大面积光伏模块的发展。这里，我们证明了有机界面处的低表面能差允许金属离子前体的远程扩散促进与氧代桥形成相关的连续化学合成。使用高分辨率螺旋钻电子光谱学，我们确认合适表面顶部的所得TMO薄膜具有高氧/金属比的无缺陷和连续的金属 - 氧网络（MON）。我们的研究结果可用于获得长期稳定性的有机/钙钛矿光伏模块，接近4.2％/ 14.5％的效率，并保持其初始效率的80％，高达1500小时/ 2000小时，面积为10.8厘米（2）/9.06厘米（2）。

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