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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Materials Chemistry, A. Materials for energy and sustainability >One-pot synthesis of highly activated carbons from melamine and terephthalaldehyde as electrodes for high energy aqueous supercapacitors
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One-pot synthesis of highly activated carbons from melamine and terephthalaldehyde as electrodes for high energy aqueous supercapacitors

机译：从三聚氰胺和对苯二甲醛的高活性碳的一锅合成作为高能含水超级电容器的电极

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In this work we report the preparation of porous carbons with very large specific surface areas (over 3000 m(2) g(-1)) by a simple all-in-one route that involves the simultaneous polymerization, carbonization and in situ activation of a mixture of melamine and terephthalaldehyde. The influence that different activating agents (KOH and a eutectic mixture of KOH and NaOH) have on the polymerization process and thus the final textural properties of the carbons is also explored. Materials were characterized by Xray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption at similar to 196 degrees C. It was found that carbons prepared in the presence of KOH showed a hierarchical multimodal pore-size distribution that combines large micropores and medium-size mesopores while those carbons obtained in the presence of the KOH-NaOH mixture exhibited a narrower distribution within the micropore range and small mesopores. Both materials were tested as electrodes for symmetric supercapacitors using three different aqueous electrolytes, namely 6 M KOH, 1 M Li2SO4 and 5 M LiTFSI (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide), which allowed their steady cycling at 1.2, 1.8 and 2.2 V, respectively. The different performance between both carbons working in different electrolytes is discussed and related to their textural features. The hierarchical micro-mesoporosity favored a good diffusion of ions when working with LiTFSI, which allows achieving very high energy densities of 21 W h kg(-1) at 0.14 kW kg(-1). For moderate requirements in terms of energy and power density, the same micro/mesoporous material can provide 12.4 W h kg(-1) at 3.3 kW kg(-1) for 104 cycles using Li2SO4 as the electrolyte. Finally, both mesopore-containing and mesopore-free materials can provide very high capacitance values up to 360 F g(-1), a very fast response and excellent cycling performance when working in 6 M KOH, being suitable candidates for high power applications.
机译：在这项工作中，我们通过简单的一体化途径报告用非常大的比表面积（超过3000μm（2）克））的多孔碳，其涉及同时聚合，碳化和原位活化三聚氰胺和对苯二甲醛的混合物。不同活化剂（KOH和NaOH）的影响对聚合过程具有不同的活化剂，因此还探讨了碳的最终纹理性质。材料以X射线衍生法（XRD），拉曼光谱，扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM），热分析（TG / DTA）和氮吸附 - 解吸相似的，类似于196摄氏度。在KOH存在下制备的碳显示了分层多模式孔径分布，其结合了大的微孔和中等尺寸的中孔，而在KOH-NaOH混合物存在下获得的那些碳的碳在微孔范围和小型中孔中表现出较窄的分布。用三种不同的水电解质，即6M KOH，1M Li 2 SO 4和5M LITFSI（二三氟甲磺酰基）酰亚胺）分别以1.2,1.8和2.2 v稳定循环，作为对称超级电解器的对称超级电容器的电极。 。讨论了在不同电解质中工作的两种碳之间的不同性能和与其纹理特征有关。等级微渗透性在使用LITFSI时良好地扩散离子，这使得在0.14kg kg（-1）下实现21Wh kg（-1）的非常高的能量密度。对于能量和功率密度方面的适度要求，使用Li2SO4作为电解质，相同的微/介孔材料可以以3.3kg kg（-1）为3.3kg kg（-1）的104次循环。最后，含有uPEOPore和中奥孔的材料可以提供高达360 f G（-1）的非常高的电容值，在6米KOH工作时具有非常快速的响应和优异的循环性能，适用于高功率应用的合适候选。

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