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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Can modular strategies simplify neural control of multidirectional human locomotion?
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Can modular strategies simplify neural control of multidirectional human locomotion?

机译：模块化策略可以简化多向人类运动的神经控制吗？

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Each human lower limb contains over 50 muscles that are coordinated during locomotion. It has been hypothesized that the nervous system simplifies muscle control through modularity, using neural patterns to activate muscles in groups called synergies. Here we investigate how simple modular controllers based on invariant neural primitives (synergies or patterns) might generate muscle activity observed during multidirectional locomotion. We extracted neural primitives from unilateral electromyo-graphic recordings of 25 lower limb muscles during five locomotor tasks: walking forward, backward, leftward and rightward, and stepping in place. A subset of subjects also performed five variations of forward (unidirectional) walking: self-selected cadence, fast cadence, slow cadence, tiptoe, and uphill (20% incline). We assessed the results in the context of dimensionality reduction, defined here as the number of neural signals needing to be controlled. For an individual task, we found that modular architectures could theoretically reduce dimensionality compared with independent muscle control, but we also found that modular strategies relying on neural primitives shared across different tasks were limited in their ability to account for muscle activations during multi- and unidirectional locomotion. The utility of shared primitives may thus depend on whether they can be adapted for specific task demands, for instance, by means of sensory feedback or by being embedded within a more complex sensorimotor controller. Our findings indicate the need for more sophisticated formulations of modular control or alternative motor control hypotheses in order to understand muscle coordination during locomotion.
机译：每个人的低肢体含有超过50个在运动期间协调的肌肉。已经假设神经系统通过模块化简化了肌肉控制，使用神经图案激活称为协同作用的组中的肌肉。在这里，我们调查基于不变神经基元（协同作用或模式）的简单模块化控制器如何产生在多向运动过程中观察到的肌肉活动。在五个机车任务期间，我们从单侧电肌 - 图形记录中提取了一个单侧电摩耳 - 图形记录：向前，向后，向左和向右行走，踩踏。对象的子集还执行了前进（单向）行走的五个变化：自选择的节奏，快速的节奏，慢速节，脚尖和上坡（20％倾斜）。我们在维度减少的范围内评估了结果，这里定义为需要控制的神经信号的数量。对于个人任务，我们发现模块化架构可以理解与独立的肌肉控制相比理论上减少维度，但我们还发现依赖于在不同任务中共享的神经元素的模块化策略受到在多维和单向肌肉激活的能力中受到限制运动。因此，共享基元的效用可以取决于它们是否可以适用于特定的任务需求，例如，通过感知反馈或通过嵌入在更复杂的感觉器控制器内。我们的研究结果表明需要更复杂的模块化控制或替代电机控制假设，以便在运动过程中理解肌肉协调。

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