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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >A review of mechanical and synaptic processes in otolith transduction of sound and vibration for clinical VEMP testing
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A review of mechanical and synaptic processes in otolith transduction of sound and vibration for clinical VEMP testing

机译：临床振动振动差异转导的机械和突触过程综述

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Older studies of mammalian otolith physiology have focused mainly on sustained responses to low-frequency (<50 Hz) or maintained linear acceleration. So the otoliths have been regarded as accelerometers. Thus evidence of otolithic activation and high-precision phase locking to high-frequency sound and vibration appears to be very unusual. However, those results are exactly in accord with a substantial body of knowledge of otolith function in fish and frogs. It is likely that phase locking of otolith afferents to vibration is a general property of all vertebrates. This review examines the literature about the activation and phase locking of single otolithic neurons to air-conducted sound and bone-conducted vibration, in particular the high precision of phase locking shown by mammalian irregular afferents that synapse on striolar type I hair cells by calyx endings. Potassium in the synaptic cleft between the type I hair cell receptor and the calyx afferent ending may be responsible for the tight phase locking of these afferents even at very high discharge rates. Since frogs and fish do not possess full calyx endings, it is unlikely that they show phase locking with such high precision and to such high frequencies as has been found in mammals. The high-frequency responses have been modeled as the otoliths operating in a seismometer mode rather than an accelerometer mode. These high-frequency otolithic responses constitute the neural basis for clinical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential tests of otolith function.
机译：的哺乳动物生理耳石有旧的研究主要集中于持续的响应到低频（<50赫兹）或维持线性加速度。所以耳石已经算是加速度计。因此耳石活化和高精度相位锁定到高频声音和振动出现的证据是非常不寻常的。然而，这些结果都完全相同，在鱼和青蛙耳石功能的知识相当体一致。这可能是耳石传入的锁相振动是所有脊椎动物的一般性质。本评价对关于单个耳石神经元到空气传导的声音和骨传导振动的激活和相位锁定的文献，特别是相高精度锁定由哺乳动物不规则传入表明突触由花萼结尾striolar I型毛细胞。钾在I型毛细胞受体之间的突触间隙的花萼传入结束可能是造成紧张的阶段，即使在非常高的放电率这些传入的锁定。由于青蛙和鱼不具备完整的花萼的结局，这是不可能的，他们表现出如此高的精度和如此高的频率，相位锁定为已在哺乳动物中被发现。高频响应已被建模为一个地震检波器模式而不是加速度计模式中操作所述耳石。这些高频耳石反应构成了耳石功能的前庭临床诱发肌肉电位测试的神经基础。

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