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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physics, D. Applied Physics: A Europhysics Journal >Amorphous polyphosphate nanoparticles: application of the morphogenetically active inorganic polymer for personalized tissue regeneration
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Amorphous polyphosphate nanoparticles: application of the morphogenetically active inorganic polymer for personalized tissue regeneration

机译：无定形多磷酸纳米粒子：在个性化组织再生中施用形态发生活性无机聚合物

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摘要

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is one of the oldest chemical energy-providing molecules in biological systems. This polymer, containing a much longer sequence of high-energy phosphate units than the universal energy donor adenosine triphosphate, has attracted increasing attention for potential biomedical applications because of its diverse metabolic and regulatory functions and its ability to form biologically active nano/microparticles. The morphogenetic properties (stimulation of cell growth and differentiation via gene induction) of polyP nano/microparticles, prepared in an amorphous form, and their combination with hydrogel-forming polymers enabled the development of 3D-printable and hardenable hybrid materials for personalized tissue regeneration/repair. Depending on the counterion of the polyanionic polyP, both the physical (hardness, stiffness) and the biological properties (induction of cytokines, enzymes or structural proteins) of the 3D-printed scaffolds can be modulated. In this way, individualized scaffolds/implants, even loaded with cells, which can be adapted to specific tissue defects (e.g. of bone and cartilage), can be fabricated. This topical review summarizes the physical-chemical properties and biological effects of polyP, formulated as smart amorphous nano/microparticles, and its application to produce personalized 3D-scaffolds/implants that open new possibilities in regenerative medicine.
机译：无机多磷酸盐（息肉）是生物系统中最古老的化学能量分子之一。这种聚合物，含有比万向能量供体腺苷的高能量磷酸盐单元序列更长的高能量磷酸胺序列，由于其不同的代谢和调节功能以及形成生物活性纳米/微粒的能力，因此引起了潜在的生物医学应用的越来越长。以无定形形式制备的息肉纳米/微粒的形态发生性质（通过基因诱导的细胞生长和分化），并使其与水凝胶形成聚合物的组合使得用于个性化组织再生的3D可打印和硬化混合材料/修理。取决于多阴离子息肉的抗衡，可以调制物理（硬度，刚度）和3D印刷支架的生物学性质（细胞因子，酶或结构蛋白的诱导）。以这种方式，可以制造甚至加载细胞的个体化支架/植入物，其可以适应细胞（例如骨和软骨）。本局部审查总结了息肉的物理化学性质和生物学作用，配制为智能无定形纳米/微粒，其应用，以生产出在再生医学中开辟新的可能性的个性化3D支架/植入物。

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