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首页> 外文期刊>Copeia >A Southern California Icon Surfs North: Local Ecotype of California Grunion, Leuresthes tenuis (Atherinopsidae), Revealed by Multiple Approaches during Temporary Habitat Expansion into San Francisco Bay
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A Southern California Icon Surfs North: Local Ecotype of California Grunion, Leuresthes tenuis (Atherinopsidae), Revealed by Multiple Approaches during Temporary Habitat Expansion into San Francisco Bay

机译：南部加利福尼亚州北部的一个图标向北冲浪：加利福尼亚格里翁的本地生态型，Leuresthes tenuis（Atherinopsidae），在临时栖息地扩展到旧金山湾期间通过多种方法揭示

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California Grunion Leuresthes tenuis, a beach spawning marine teleost, was described from a specimen purchased at a San Francisco market in 1859, but not subsequently seen there for 140 years. From 2001-2007, L. tenuis spawned on beaches in San Francisco Bay (SFB, 37°45'N, 122°15'W) at multiple locations, but disappeared after 2008. In 2005, L. tenuis started spawning for the first time on a beach in Tomales Bay (TB, 38°14'N, 122°58'W), 64 km north of SFB, but this population disappeared after 2009. Adult size, clutch volumes, and egg diameters of L. tenuis in SFB were consistently smaller than L. tenuis from southern California, though the population was not genetically distinct. Population size structure suggests few L. tenuis survived more than one year in these northern bays, rather than the two or three years expected in the typical southern California habitat. Climate change models predict conditions supporting poleward expansion of ranges of marine organisms, but colonization of northern habitats by this beach spawning species resulted in significant phenotypic changes including smaller size, shorter life span, and reduced reproductive output. The multiple environmental challenges and rapid extirpation of two disjunct colonization events indicate this species will require repeated events for habitat expansion to succeed.
机译：从1859年在旧金山市场上购买的一个标本中描述了加州产地的Leuresthes tenuis（一种产于海洋硬骨鱼的海滩），但此后140年来一直未见到。从2001年至2007年，tenuis L. tenuis在多个地点的旧金山湾（SFB，37°45'N，122°15'W）的海滩上产卵，但在2008年后消失。2005年，tenuis L. tenuis开始第一次产卵时间位于SFB以北64公里的Tomales湾（TB，38°14'N，122°58'W）的海滩上，但此种群在2009年后消失了。澳大利亚的L. tenuis的成年体型，成活量和卵径SFB始终小于来自加利福尼亚南部的ten。tenuis，尽管其种群在遗传上没有区别。人口规模结构表明，在这些北部海湾中，很少有tenuis生存超过一年，而不是在典型的南加州栖息地中预期的两到三年。气候变化模型预测，条件将支持海洋生物范围的极度扩张，但是这种海滩产卵物种在北部栖息地的定殖会导致显着的表型变化，包括变小，寿命缩短和生殖产量降低。多重环境挑战和两个脱节定殖事件的迅速灭绝表明，该物种将需要反复发生事件才能成功扩大栖息地。

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