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首页> 外文期刊>Copeia >Sexual Dimorphisms in Metabolism, Organ Mass, and Reproductive Energetics in Pre-breeding American Toads (Anaxyrus americanus)
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Sexual Dimorphisms in Metabolism, Organ Mass, and Reproductive Energetics in Pre-breeding American Toads (Anaxyrus americanus)

机译：美洲蟾蜍（美洲蛤x）的代谢，器官质量和生殖能量学中的性二态性

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Sexual size dimorphisms are common in many species of anurans, and have often been ascribed to different selective forces that influence reproductive success in males and females. However, less is known about dimorphisms in wholeorganism physiology or in internal morphology in anurans. In this study, we investigated potential differences in metabolism, visceral organ mass, and stored energy content between male and female American Toads (Anaxyrus americanus) collected en route to breeding areas during the spring. Female toads were both longer and more massive than males. Males demonstrated larger increases in metabolic rate, heart mass, liver mass, and nonpolar lipid content with increasing body size than did females, but kidney mass did not differ between the sexes. The ovaries of the females represented, on average, 38% of the total dry mass and 54% of the total caloric energy contained in their bodies. However, the body-size adjusted caloric content of the carcass did not differ between males and females. Our findings suggest that larger males are physiologically able to support greater levels of activity during the breeding season and thus will more likely engage in more strenuous activities such as calling, active seeking of females, and amplexus interference, compared to smaller males. Large females, on the other hand, appear to preferentially allocate resources to oogenesis. In addition, our findings suggest that although the overall energetic cost of reproduction may be greater for females, there may be other energetic constraints within or outside of the reproductive period that limit the ability of males to allocate resources to growth and storage.
机译：性大小双态性在许多无核物种中很常见，并且经常归因于影响男性和女性生殖成功的不同选择力。然而，关于全生物生理学或无脊椎动物内部形态的双态性知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们调查了春季到繁殖区途中收集的雄性和雌性美洲蟾蜍（美洲蟾蜍）在新陈代谢，内脏器官质量和储藏能量含量方面的潜在差异。雌性蟾蜍比雄性蟾蜍更长，更重。与雌性相比，雄性显示出新陈代谢率，心脏质量，肝脏质量和非极性脂质含量随体型的增加而增加，但雌雄之间肾脏质量没有差异。雌性卵巢平均占其体内总干重的38％和总热量的54％。但是，雄性和雌性的体重调整后的adjusted体卡路里含量没有差异。我们的研究结果表明，与较小的雄性相比，较大的雄性在生理上能够在繁殖季节支持更高水平的活动，因此更有可能从事更剧烈的活动，例如呼唤，主动寻找雌性和丛生干扰。另一方面，大雌性似乎优先分配资源用于卵子发生。此外，我们的研究结果表明，尽管雌性的总体生殖能量成本可能更高，但在生殖期之内或之外可能存在其他能量约束，这限制了雄性为生长和贮藏分配资源的能力。

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