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首页> 外文期刊>AACE International Transactions >Causation - How is it Proved?
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Causation - How is it Proved?

机译：因果关系-如何证明？

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Regardless of the type of contractual relationship between the parties, there is an inherent financial tension in the construction process. Contractors wish to construct the project that was bid in the most profitable manner possible. Owners wish to complete the project that it expects at the lowest possible cost. In this environment, even the most reasonable and sophisticated owner and the most responsible and vigilant contractor may find themselves in a dispute or claim situation. In that event the claimant or plaintiff "must show three necessary elements - liability, causation and resultant injury." [57] Liability is determined by the parties' adherence or lack of adherence to the terms of their contract. Injury (damage) is the financial loss incurred by the parties. Both liability and damages have been the subject of much professional study and discussion, but are outside the scope of this paper. Proving or disproving the causation element - the "cause and effect" link between the liability and the resultant damage - has received much less attention and is the subject of this paper. This paper does not attempt to provide a definitive standard to prove causation. It does present examples of relevant legal rulings that point out common shortcomings and accepted methods of presenting a cause-and-effect analysis of delays, lost productivity, and cumulative impact.
机译：无论双方之间的合同关系类型如何，在施工过程中都存在固有的财务压力。承包商希望建造以最有利可图的方式进行投标的项目。业主希望以尽可能低的成本完成预期的项目。在这种环境下，即使是最合理，最老练的所有者以及最负责任和警惕的承包商也可能会陷入纠纷或索赔的境地。在这种情况下，原告或原告“必须显示三个必要的要素-责任，因果关系和由此造成的伤害”。 [57]责任由当事方遵守或不遵守合同条款确定。伤害（损害）是指当事方蒙受的经济损失。责任和损害赔偿都是许多专业研究和讨论的主题，但不在本文讨论范围之内。证明或反驳因果关系要素-责任与所造成的损害之间的“因果关系”-受到的关注要少得多，并且是本文的主题。本文没有尝试提供确定因果关系的确定标准。它确实提供了相关法律裁决的示例，这些示例指出了常见的缺陷和可接受的方法，这些方法和方法可以对延迟，生产力损失和累积影响进行因果分析。

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