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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Science >Effects of seedbed properties on crop emergence. 5. Effects of aggregate size, sowing depth and simulated rainfall after sowing on harmful surface-layer hardening.
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Effects of seedbed properties on crop emergence. 5. Effects of aggregate size, sowing depth and simulated rainfall after sowing on harmful surface-layer hardening.

机译：种床特性对作物出苗的影响。 5.粒料大小，播种深度和播种后的模拟降雨对有害表层硬化的影响。

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Rapid, uniform crop establishment is a precondition for efficient crop production. In order to develop guidelines for seedbed preparation and sowing, extensive experiments were carried out in plastic boxes placed in the field directly on the ground for studies of the effects of seedbed properties on crop emergence. This paper deals with the effects on emergence of cereals caused by surface-layer hardening, induced by simulated rainfall (irrigation) after sowing followed by dry weather. The experimental crop was spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Soils for the experiments (Eutric Cambisols, silt loam or clay loam in most cases) were collected from the surface layer of farm fields in various parts of Sweden. On soils with high silt content, irrigation after sowing often caused slumping and subsequent hardening of the whole seedbed. On clay soils, usually only a shallow surface crust formed. The earliest irrigation had the most negative effects on crop emergence. On a silt loam soil with unstable structure, irrigation with only 5 mm reduced emergence to under 20%. Later or heavier irrigation was often less negative, as it allowed the plants to emerge before the surface layer dried and hardened. Deep sowing greatly increased the negative effects on emergence, whereas soil aggregate size usually had negligible effects. It was concluded that when sowing in practice, seedbed preparation and sowing depth should be chosen to promote the fastest possible emergence. Sowing immediately before rain should be avoided, as should shallow sowing that requires rain for the seed to germinate.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2011.622291
机译：快速，统一的农作物种植是高效农作物生产的前提。为了制定苗床准备和播种指南，直接在地面上放置在田间的塑料盒中进行了广泛的实验，以研究苗床特性对作物出苗的影响。本文探讨了播种后干燥天气模拟降雨（灌溉）对表层硬化引起的谷物出苗的影响。实验作物是大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）。从瑞典各地的农田表层收集了用于试验的土壤（大多数情况下为 Eutric Cambisols ，淤泥壤土或粘土壤土）。在淤泥含量高的土壤上，播种后的灌溉常常导致整个苗床的塌陷和随后的硬化。在粘土上，通常仅形成浅表皮。最早的灌溉对作物出苗的影响最大。在结构不稳定的粉壤土上，仅5 mm的灌溉将出苗率降低到20％以下。后期或较重的灌溉通常没有那么多负面影响，因为它可以使植物在表层干燥和变硬之前出现。深度播种大大增加了对出苗的不利影响，而土壤团粒大小通常可以忽略不计。结论是，在实际播种时，应选择苗床准备和播种深度以促进最快的出苗。应避免在下雨前播种，而应避免播种过浅，后者需要下雨才能使种子发芽。数字对象标识符http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2011.622291

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