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Lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen crosslinks may be assessed as markers of functional properties of tendon tissue formation

机译:赖氨酰氧化酶介导的胶原蛋白交联可被评估为肌腱组织形成功能特性的标志

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Mechanical property elaboration of engineered tissues is often assumed on the basis of gene and protein characterizations, rather than mechanical testing. However, we recently demonstrated that mechanical properties are not consistently correlated with matrix content and organization during embryonic tissue development. Based on this, mechanical properties should be assessed independently during natural or engineered tissue formation. Unfortunately, mechanical testing is destructive, and thus alternative means of assessing these properties are desirable. In this study, we examined lysyl oxidase (LOX)-mediated crosslinks as markers for mechanical properties during embryonic tendon formation and the potential to detect them non-destructively. We used tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify changes in hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) and lysyl pyridinoline (LP) crosslink density in embryonic chick tendon as a function of developmental stage. In addition, we assessed a multiphoton imaging approach that exploits the natural fluorescence of HP and LP. With both techniques, we quantified crosslink density in normal and LOX-inhibited tendons, and correlated measurements with mechanical properties. HP and LP crosslink density varied as a function of developmental stage, with HP-to-dry mass ratio correlating highly to elastic modulus, even when enzymatic crosslink formation was inhibited. Multiphoton optical imaging corroborated LC-MS/MS data, identifying significant reductions in crosslink density from LOX inhibition. Taken together, crosslink density may be useful as a marker of tissue mechanical properties that could be assessed with imaging non-destructively and perhaps non-invasively. These outcomes could have significant scientific and clinical implications, enabling continuous and long-term monitoring of mechanical properties of collagen-crosslinked tissues or engineered constructs.
机译:通常根据基因和蛋白质的特征而不是机械测试来假定工程组织的机械性能。但是,我们最近证明,在胚胎组织发育过程中,机械性能与基质含量和组织并不始终相关。基于此,应在自然或工程组织形成过程中独立评估机械性能。不幸的是,机械测试是破坏性的,因此需要评估这些性能的替代手段。在这项研究中,我们检查了赖氨酰氧化酶(LOX)介导的交联作为胚胎肌腱形成过程中机械性能的标志物,以及无损检测它们的潜力。我们使用串联质谱(LC-MS / MS)来量化雏鸡肌腱中羟乙氧基吡啶啉(HP)和赖氨酰吡啶啉(LP)交联密度的变化,作为发育阶段的函数。此外,我们评估了利用HP和LP天然荧光的多光子成像方法。通过这两种技术,我们可以量化正常和LOX抑制肌腱中的交联密度,并将测量结果与机械性能相关联。 HP和LP交联密度随发育阶段而变化,即使抑制酶促交联形成,HP与干物质的质量比也与弹性模量高度相关。多光子光学成像证实了LC-MS / MS数据,确定了LOX抑制导致交联密度显着降低。综上所述,交联密度可以用作组织机械性质的标志物,可以通过无损成像,也可以无创成像来评估。这些结果可能具有重大的科学和临床意义,从而能够连续和长期监控胶原交联的组织或工程构造物的机械性能。

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