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首页> 外文期刊>Acta biomaterialia >Three-dimensional laser micro- and nano-structuring of acrylated poly(ethylene glycol) materials and evaluation of their cytoxicity for tissue engineering applications.
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Three-dimensional laser micro- and nano-structuring of acrylated poly(ethylene glycol) materials and evaluation of their cytoxicity for tissue engineering applications.

机译：丙烯酸酯化聚乙二醇材料的三维激光微观和纳米结构及其组织工程应用的细胞毒性评估。

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The natural cell environment is characterized by complex three-dimensional structures, which contain features at multiple length scales. Many in vitro studies of cell behavior in three dimensions rely on the availability of artificial scaffolds with controlled three-dimensional topologies. In this paper, we demonstrate fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering out of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGda) materials by means of two-photon polymerization (2PP). This laser nanostructuring approach offers unique possibilities for rapid manufacturing of three-dimensional structures with arbitrary geometries. The spatial resolution dependence on the applied irradiation parameters is investigated for two PEGda formulations, which are characterized by molecular weights of 302 and 742. We demonstrate that minimum feature sizes of 200nm are obtained in both materials. In addition, an extensive study of the cytotoxicity of the material formulations with respect to photoinitiator type and photoinitiator concentration is undertaken. Aqueous extracts from photopolymerized PEGda samples indicate the presence of water-soluble molecules, which are toxic to fibroblasts. It is shown that sample aging in aqueous medium reduces the cytotoxicity of these extracts; this mechanism provides a route for biomedical applications of structures generated by 2PP microfabrication and photopolymerization technologies in general. Finally, a fully biocompatible combination of PEGda and a photoinitiator is identified. Fabrication of reproducible scaffold structures is very important for systematic investigation of cellular processes in three dimensions and for better understanding of in vitro tissue formation. The results of this work suggest that 2PP may be used to polymerize poly(ethylene glycol)-based materials into three-dimensional structures with well-defined geometries that mimic the physical and biological properties of native cell environments.
机译：天然细胞环境的特征在于复杂的三维结构，其中包含多个长度尺度的特征。在三维上对细胞行为的许多体外研究都依赖于具有受控三维拓扑结构的人工支架的可用性。在本文中，我们演示了通过双光子聚合（2PP）由聚（乙二醇）二丙烯酸酯（PEGda）材料制造的用于组织工程的三维支架。这种激光纳米结构化方法为快速制造具有任意几何形状的三维结构提供了独特的可能性。对于两种PEGda制剂，研究了空间分辨率对所施加辐射参数的依赖性，这两种制剂的分子量分别为302和742。我们证明两种材料均获得200nm的最小特征尺寸。此外，针对光引发剂类型和光引发剂浓度对材料制剂的细胞毒性进行了广泛的研究。从光聚合PEGda样品中提取的水提取物表明存在水溶性分子，该分子对成纤维细胞有毒。结果表明，样品在水性介质中的老化降低了这些提取物的细胞毒性。这种机制为2PP微细加工和光聚合技术产生的结构的生物医学应用提供了一条途径。最后，鉴定出PEGd​​a和光引发剂的完全生物相容性组合。可复制的支架结构的制造对于在三个方面对细胞过程进行系统研究以及更好地了解体外组织形成非常重要。这项工作的结果表明2PP可以用于将基于聚乙二醇的材料聚合成三维结构，这些三维结构具有定义良好的几何形状，可以模仿天然细胞环境的物理和生物学特性。

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