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首页> 外文期刊>Acta biomaterialia >Crystallographic relationships in the crossed lamellar microstructure of the shell of the gastropod Conus marmoreus
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Crystallographic relationships in the crossed lamellar microstructure of the shell of the gastropod Conus marmoreus

机译：腹足纲圆锥壳的交叉层状微观结构中的晶体学关系

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The crossed lamellar microstructure of mollusk shells shows a very complex hierarchical architecture constituted of long rod-shaped aragonite crystals stacked parallel to each other inside each first order lamella, which are almost perpendicular to the ones contained in parallel neighboring lamellae. To better understand the construction and properties of the crossed lamellar microstructure we have performed a detailed study to determine the crystallographic characteristics and their evolution during shell growth using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction texture analysis. The arrangement of crystals is rationalized by a set of twin law relationships between aragonite crystals. Specifically, the aragonite rods, or third order lamellae within each first order lamella, internally consist of polysynthetic twins bounded by {1 1 0} mirror planes. In turn, the polysynthetically twinned aragonite crystals also show a constant crystallographic orientation with respect to aragonite crystals in adjacent first order lamellae. It can be seen as another twin law in which crystals from adjacent lamellae are bounded by (1 1 0) planes but with their c-axes rotated within this plane by 30°. Thus there are two sets of twin laws that relate crystal units at lower (third order lamellae) and higher (first order lamellae) length scales. These hierarchical relationships play a crucial role in the construction, organization and properties of this complex microstructure. The later orientational relationships have never been described in geological aragonite and are only found in biogenic materials with a crossed lamellar microstructure. Their occurrence is probably determined by the presence of shell organic components which regulate crystal growth and may favor unusual crystallographic relationships.
机译：软体动物壳的交叉层状微结构显示出非常复杂的层次结构，该结构由长杆状文石晶体构成，这些晶体彼此平行地堆叠在每个一级薄片中，这些薄片几乎垂直于平行相邻薄片中包含的晶体。为了更好地理解交叉层状微结构的结构和性质，我们进行了详细的研究，以确定壳的生长过程中的晶体学特征及其演化，方法是使用扫描电子显微镜，透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射织构分析。晶体的排列通过文石晶体之间的一组孪生定律关系而合理化。具体而言，文石棒或每个一阶薄片内的三阶薄片内部由{11 0}镜面所界定的多合成孪晶组成。反过来，相对于相邻一级片中的文石晶体，多合成孪晶文石晶体也显示出恒定的晶体学取向。可以看作另一个孪生定律，其中相邻薄片的晶体由（1 1 0）平面限制，但其c轴在该平面内旋转了30°。因此，存在着两组孪生定律，它们将晶体单元的长度尺度定为较低（三阶薄片）和较高（一阶薄片）。这些层次关系在此复杂的微结构的构造，组织和特性中起着至关重要的作用。以后的定向关系从未在地质文石中描述过，仅在具有交叉的层状微结构的生物成因材料中发现。它们的出现可能取决于调节晶体生长并可能有利于异常结晶关系的壳有机成分的存在。

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