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Analogous viscosity equations of granular powders based on Eyring's rate process theory and free volume concept

机译：基于叶片速率过程理论和自由体积概念的粒状粉末的类似粘度方程

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摘要

Granular powders can be successfully treated with kinetic theory and statistical mechanics that are typically applicable to thermal systems, though the granular powders are athermal systems and the conventional environmental temperature is too weak to drive particles to move. Once the granular temperature is analogously defined in line with that in thermodynamics, the viscosity concept of thermal systems is naturally borrowed to describe the flowability of granular powders in this article. Eyring's rate process theory and free volume concept, which have been proved to be very powerful in dealing with many thermally activated phenomena in a wide variety of fields, are utilized to derive viscosity equations of granular powders under a simple shear. The obtained viscosity equations are examined only with empirical experimental observations in describing powder flowability, due to the lack of instruments and methodology for directly determining the viscosity of granular materials. Continuous shear thickening rather than discontinuous shear thickening is predicted and found to be dependent on the shear rate, the cohesive energy between particles, and the particle volume fraction, although the discontinuous shear thickening may still occur if certain conditions are met during shear, such as local particle volume fractions approaching the jamming point created by the shear induced inhomogeneity. A fundamental mechanism on how dry granular powders flow is proposed on the basis of what is demonstrated from the viscosity equations. The work presented in this article may lay a foundation to scale powder flowability in a more fundamental and consistent manner, at least providing an approach to consistently define the viscosity of granular powders. Since the same approaches are employed to derive the viscosity equations of granular powders as used to derive viscosity equations of liquids, colloidal suspensions, and polymeric materials, both athermal and thermal systems are thus unified with a single methodology.
机译：颗粒粉末可以用动力学理论和统计力学成功处理，统计力学通常适用于热系统，尽管粒状粉末是动脉系统，并且传统的环境温度太弱而不能驱动颗粒以移动。一旦颗粒温度与热力学中的那样相似地定义，热系统的粘度概念自然借用以描述本文中颗粒粉末的流动性。 Eycing的速率过程理论和自由体积概念被证明是在处理各种领域中的许多热活化现象时非常强大，用于在简单的剪切下导出粒状粉末的粘度方程。由于缺乏直接确定粒状材料的粘度，因此仅在描述粉末流动性时检查所获得的粘度方程。预测连续剪切增稠而不是不连续剪切增厚，并且发现术语依赖于剪切速率，颗粒之间的粘性能量和颗粒体积分数，尽管如果在剪切期间满足某些条件，则可能仍然发生不连续的剪切增厚，例如局部颗粒体积分数接近由剪切诱导的不均匀性产生的干扰点。关于干燥粒状粉末流动如何基于从粘度方程证明的基础上提出了一种基本机制。本文所呈现的作品可以奠定基础，以以更基本和一致的方式缩放粉末流动性，至少提供一种始终定义粒状粉末粘度的方法。由于采用相同的方法来导出用于导出液体，胶体悬浮液和聚合物材料的粘度方程的粒状粉末的粘度方程，因此液体和热系统都以单一方法统一。

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  • 来源
    《RSC Advances》 |2015年第115期|共16页
  • 作者

    Hao Tian;

  • 作者单位

    Nutrilite Hlth Inst Buena Pk CA 90622 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 化学;
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