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Rheology, thermal properties, and foaming behavior of high D-content polylactic acid/ cellulose nanofiber composites

机译：高D含量聚乳酸/纤维素纳米纤维复合材料的流变学，热性能和发泡性能

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摘要

Amorphous polylactic acid (PLA)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composites were prepared using the solution casting method. We investigated the effects of the CNFs on the PLA's rheological and thermal properties and on its foaming behavior. The rheological measurements showed that the incorporated CNFs substantially increased the PLA's viscosity in a low frequency range. This was attributed to both the interaction between the PLA molecular chains and the CNFs and the entanglement of CNFs. A batch foaming visualization system showed that the CNFs were effective cell-nucleating agents, and that they suppressed cell coalescence during the foaming process. In solid-state batch foaming processes, the addition of CNFs led to higher cell densities and decreased cell sizes in the composite foams. As the CNF content was increased, the cell-nucleating power and the resultant cell density increased. The cell sizes became more uniform. The improved foam morphology was also attributed to the CO2- and the CNF-induced crystallization during the gas-saturation and foaming processes. Thermal and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analyses showed that the presence of CNFs and CO2 enhanced the PLA's crystallization kinetics. An amorphous grade of PLA with a 12% D-content developed a high crystallinity of 21% after CO2 gas saturation. The formed crystals, especially those around the CNFs, promoted cell nucleation by local stress variations that were generated in the surrounding area. The crystals and CNFs also increased the PLA's viscosity, which restricted cell growth and reduced cell coalescence. On the other hand, due to increased stifffiness, an excessive CNF content suppressed foaming.
机译：使用溶液浇铸方法制备无定形聚乳酸（PLA）/纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）复合材料。我们调查了CNFS对PLA的流变和热性质以及其发泡行为的影响。流变测量表明，掺入的CNF在低频范围内基本上增加了PLA的粘度。这归因于PLA分子链与CNF之间的相互作用以及CNF的缠结。批料发泡可视化系统显示CNF是有效的细胞成核剂，并且它们在发泡过程中抑制细胞聚结。在固态批量发泡过程中，加入CNFS导致较高的细胞密度和复合泡沫中的细胞尺寸减小。随着CNF含量增加，细胞成核功率和所得细胞密度增加。细胞尺寸变得更加均匀。改善的泡沫形态也归因于气体饱和和发泡过程中的CO 2和CNF诱导的结晶。热和广角X射线衍射（WAXD）分析表明CNF和CO2的存在增强了PLA的结晶动力学。具有12％D含量的PLA的无定形等级在CO 2气体饱和后产生了21％的高结晶度。所形成的晶体，尤其是CNF的晶体，通过在周围区域产生的局部应力变化来促进细胞成核。晶体和CNF也增加了PLA的粘度，限制细胞生长和细胞聚结的降低。另一方面，由于薄雾增加，抑制了过量的CNF含量。

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  • 来源
    《RSC Advances》 |2015年第111期|共14页
  • 作者

    WeiDan Ding; Takashi Kuboki; Anson Wong;

  • 作者单位

    Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3G8.;

    Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada N6A 5B9;

    Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3G8.;

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