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Biomaterials and design in occlusion devices for cardiac defects: A review

机译:心脏缺陷阻塞装置的生物材料和设计:综述

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This review examines the biomaterials used in occlusion devices for cardiac defects, and how the choice of these materials is dictated by design. Specifically, the devices used in three major applications, the atrial septal defect, the ventricular septal defect and the patent ductus arteriosus, are examined critically. A number of different devices are available, with varied performance in deployment and sealing. There is no device in any of the three categories that satisfies fully the range of requirements, and all have associated complications. The type and rate of complications are different among different devices. The short-term (immediate) complications are addressed by immediate retrieval. For longer-term complications, most of which can be fatal, currently only surgical retrieval and replacement are possible. Most of these longer-term complications can be alleviated by the use of fully degradable devices, which will eliminate concerns regarding the use of metals inside the heart, and if fully endothelialized, also minimize migration concerns. On the other hand, the lower moduli of currently available biodegradable materials need to be augmented. Improvements in the stiffness required for deployment can be accomplished with the use of fillers, nano- or micro-sized, and an example of this are radiopaque fillers.
机译:这篇综述研究了用于心脏缺陷的闭塞装置中使用的生物材料,以及如何通过设计决定这些材料的选择。具体来说,对三大应用中的设备(房间隔缺损,室间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭)进行了严格检查。提供了许多不同的设备,它们在部署和密封方面具有不同的性能。在这三个类别中,没有一个能够完全满足要求的设备,并且都具有相关的并发症。不同设备之间并发症的类型和发生率也不同。短期(立即)并发症可通过立即检索来解决。对于长期并发症,其中大多数可能是致命的,目前只能进行外科手术取回和置换。通过使用完全可降解的设备,可以缓解大多数这些较长期的并发症,这将消除对心脏内部使用金属的担忧,并且如果完全内皮化,也可以最大程度地减少迁移问题。另一方面,当前可用的可生物降解材料的较低模量需要增加。可以通过使用纳米或微米尺寸的填充剂来实现部署所需的刚度的改善,不透射线的填充剂就是一个例子。

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